3 research outputs found
Is Geographical Indication Acting on Rice Export Price?
Representing 30% of food intake of 60% of planet’s inhabitants, rice is a staple food all over the world. According to FAO, worldwide rice production is about 504 million tons (milled basis) in 2017, while international rice trade is 45 million tons. With almost 9% exported, rice is not the top trade food commodity. 43% of wine worldwide produced is exported, 23% of wheat, 11% of maize and 7% of meat.The rice market is mainly composed of coarse rice all over the world. It also includes 18% of aromatic rice, coming from a limited number of countries where the pedoclimatic conditions and human know-how make a specific terroir. Aromatic rice is often protected by a Geographical Indication (GI). This is the case of Basmati, from India and Pakistan, using a collective trade mark since 2008 in Pakistan, and Jasmine from Thailand, bearing a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) as Khao Hom Mali, since 2013
Is Geographical Indication Acting on Rice Export Price?
Representing 30% of food intake of 60% of planet’s inhabitants, rice is a staple food all over the world. According to FAO, worldwide rice production is about 504 million tons (milled basis) in 2017, while international rice trade is 45 million tons. With almost 9% exported, rice is not the top trade food commodity. 43% of wine worldwide produced is exported, 23% of wheat, 11% of maize and 7% of meat. The rice market is mainly composed of coarse rice all over the world. It also includes 18% of aromatic rice, coming from a limited number of countries where the pedoclimatic conditions and human know-how make a specific terroir. Aromatic rice is often protected by a Geographical Indication (GI). This is the case of Basmati, from India and Pakistan, using a collective trade mark since 2008 in Pakistan, and Jasmine from Thailand, bearing a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) as Khao Hom Mali, since 2013
Maîtrise des risques pour les logiciels de santé ou des dispositifs médicaux connectés selon NF EN IEC 80001-1
The constant evolution in medicine allows an improvement of diagnosis and a larger variety of treatment and caring for the patients. This evolution is explained by an increased development of connectics and informatics tools. Thanks to this technologic development, medical devices have become more and more connected leading to better data transmission along with more efficient and faster communication in order to bring answers to complex problems non solvable without this technology. The fast e-health development, defined in the medical field as health softwares and connected medical devices, might generate potential accidents and risks which have to be taken into account in order to avoid malfunction or danger. Thus, manufacturers and operators must manage the risks associated with these health IT (Information Technology) systems. Therefore, the NF EN CEI 80001-1 norm helps these protagonists in implementing an appropriate risk management in order to discard any risk associated with the use of these medical devices and softwares, making their use optimal.To be part of an optimal normative process, having a good understanding of the norm NF EN CEI 80001-1 is important. In that way, implementing a management system of risks related to the exploitation of the connected medical devices and health software can be interesting.The purpose of the present work is to facilitate the appropriation and use of the NF EN CEI 80001-1 norm. The first step of the norm’s implementation in an organization is its comprehension. The cartography tool resuming all the objectives and requirements help to achieve this aim. Secondly, a diagnosis and risk management tool was made to provide producers and managers a simple identification and measurement of their validity regarding the norm, and allows them to create and implement management plans.L’évolution constante de la médecine permet une amélioration des diagnostics et une plus grande variété de traitements et de prise en charge des patients. Cette évolution s’explique en partie par un développement accru des outils de connectiques et informatiques. Grâce à ce développement technologique, les dispositifs médicaux deviennent connectés entraînant donc une transmission des informations ainsi qu’une communication plus rapide et efficace de manière à apporter des réponses à des problèmes complexes non solvables sans cette technologie.Le développement rapide de l’e-santé, défini dans le milieu médical par les logiciels de santé et les dispositifs médicaux connectés, engendre de potentiels accidents et risques qu’il faut prendre en compte pour éviter tout dysfonctionnement et danger. Ainsi le fabricant et l’exploitant doivent gérer les risques associés à ces systèmes TI (Technologie de l’Information) de santé. La norme NF EN CEI 80001-1 existe ainsi pour aider ces protagonistes à mettre en place une gestion des risques appropriée et ainsi écarter tout risque lié à l’utilisation de tel dispositif et logiciel en rendant leur utilisation optimale.Pour s’inscrire dans une démarche normative optimale, il est important d’avoir une bonne compréhension de la norme NF EN CEI 80001-1. Pour cette raison, il est intéressant de mettre en place un système de management du risque performant lié à l’exploitation des DMC et logiciels de santé. L’objectif du travail présenté est de faciliter l’appropriation et l’utilisation de la norme NF EN CEI 80001-1. La première étape d’implantation de la norme dans une organisation est la compréhension de celle-ci, pour cela, une cartographie de la norme résume l’ensemble des objectifs et exigences de celle-ci. Dans un second temps, l’outil de diagnostic et de management des risques proposé permet aux fabricants et exploitants de mesurer leurs validités vis-à -vis de la norme et prévoir les plans managériaux mis en place