El imaginario del zombi cinematográfico en la representación de los desamparados: del esclavo del clasicismo hollywoodense al inmigrante de la contemporaneidad europea

El presente artículo propone un recorrido crítico e iconográfico a través de las principales manifestaciones históricas de los zombis en el cine. Desde los orígenes del cine clásico, la figura del zombi se ha visto asociada al inmigrante, al esclavo. El objetivo de este trabajo es observar y establecer cuál ha sido la evolución de este arquetipo en la historia, y analizar su vigencia en los filmes del cine europeo contemporáneo que abordan la realidad socio política de los sin papeles, revisitando la figura del zombi. En este sentido, el artículo plantea una relectura histórico-política sobre este arquetipo de la cultura popular, tan presente en el cine y la televisión de nuestro tiempo

Genomic characterization of individuals presenting extreme phenotypes of high and low risk to develop tobacco-induced lung cancer

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may modulate individual susceptibility to carcinogens. We designed a genome-wide association study to characterize individuals presenting extreme phenotypes of high and low risk to develop tobacco-induced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and we validated our results. We hypothesized that this strategy would enrich the frequencies of the alleles that contribute to the observed traits. We genotyped 2.37 million SNPs in 95 extreme phenotype individuals, that is: heavy smokers that either developed NSCLC at an early age (extreme cases); or did not present NSCLC at an advanced age (extreme controls), selected from a discovery set (n=3631). We validated significant SNPs in 133 additional subjects with extreme phenotypes selected from databases including >39,000 individuals. Two SNPs were validated: rs12660420 (p(combined)=5.66x10(-5); ORcombined=2.80), mapping to a noncoding transcript exon of PDE10A; and rs6835978 (p(combined)=1.02x10(-4); ORcombined=2.57), an intronic variant in ATP10D. We assessed the relevance of both proteins in early-stage NSCLC. PDE10A and ATP10D mRNA expressions correlated with survival in 821 stage I-II NSCLC patients (p=0.01 and p<0.0001). PDE10A protein expression correlated with survival in 149 patients with stage I-II NSCLC (p=0.002). In conclusion, we validated two variants associated with extreme phenotypes of high and low risk of developing tobacco-induced NSCLC. Our findings may allow to identify individuals presenting high and low risk to develop tobacco-induced NSCLC and to characterize molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and resistance to develop NSCLC

El imaginario del zombi cinematográfico en la representación de los desamparados: del esclavo del clasicismo hollywoodense al inmigrante de la contemporaneidad europea

El presente artículo propone un recorrido crítico e iconográfico a través de las principales manifestaciones históricas de los zombis en el cine. Desde los orígenes del cine clásico, la figura del zombi se ha visto asociada al inmigrante, al esclavo. El objetivo de este trabajo es observar y establecer cuál ha sido la evolución de este arquetipo en la historia, y analizar su vigencia en los filmes del cine europeo contemporáneo que abordan la realidad socio política de los sin papeles, revisitando la figura del zombi. En este sentido, el artículo plantea una relectura histórico-política sobre este arquetipo de la cultura popular, tan presente en el cine y la televisión de nuestro tiempo

Genomic characterization of individuals presenting extreme phenotypes of high and low risk to develop tobacco-induced lung cancer

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may modulate individual susceptibility to carcinogens. We designed a genome-wide association study to characterize individuals presenting extreme phenotypes of high and low risk to develop tobacco-induced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and we validated our results. We hypothesized that this strategy would enrich the frequencies of the alleles that contribute to the observed traits. We genotyped 2.37 million SNPs in 95 extreme phenotype individuals, that is: heavy smokers that either developed NSCLC at an early age (extreme cases); or did not present NSCLC at an advanced age (extreme controls), selected from a discovery set (n=3631). We validated significant SNPs in 133 additional subjects with extreme phenotypes selected from databases including >39,000 individuals. Two SNPs were validated: rs12660420 (p(combined)=5.66x10(-5); ORcombined=2.80), mapping to a noncoding transcript exon of PDE10A; and rs6835978 (p(combined)=1.02x10(-4); ORcombined=2.57), an intronic variant in ATP10D. We assessed the relevance of both proteins in early-stage NSCLC. PDE10A and ATP10D mRNA expressions correlated with survival in 821 stage I-II NSCLC patients (p=0.01 and p<0.0001). PDE10A protein expression correlated with survival in 149 patients with stage I-II NSCLC (p=0.002). In conclusion, we validated two variants associated with extreme phenotypes of high and low risk of developing tobacco-induced NSCLC. Our findings may allow to identify individuals presenting high and low risk to develop tobacco-induced NSCLC and to characterize molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and resistance to develop NSCLC

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present