1 Korintiërs 15:49b: ’n Hortatíef- of futurumlesing?

1 Corinthians 15;49b: A hortative or future reading?The didactical context within chapter 15 of 1 Corinthians furnishes the reason why the publishers of the Greek New Testament and the majority of exegetes preferredthe future textual variant Φopéaooµ∈v / in 1 Corinthians 15:49b instead of the hortative reading Φopéaooµ∈v- which enjoys stronger textual support. In addition to convincing text-critical arguments, discourse analytical and exegetical arguments can be put forward to show that even within the textual context the hortative reading makes good sense

Using metaphoric body-mapping to encourage reflection on the developing identity of pre-service teachers

This article explores the contribution that a teaching strategy, such as metaphoric body-mapping, can make towards the discourse on the development of professional teacher identity. Second-year students in a Life Orientation methodology module in a B.Ed programme were offered the opportunity to validate their local knowledge and make new meaning together, through bringing their lived experiences into the classroom. In a contact session, groups were tasked with using body-mapping to conceptualise metaphoric superhero and villain characters of both effective and ineffective teachers. In a subsequent discourse, the characteristics of these metaphoric characters were explored to set the stage for inter- and intrapersonal reflection on students’ own social construction of their developing professional identities. This student experience clearly indicates that metaphors can be a rich and stimulating way for prospective teachers to talk about their perceptions, experiences and expectations of teaching, and the method accentuates the importance of tertiary institutions that contribute to the emerging conversation about the development of professional identity in pre-service teachers. This article pioneers the use of body-mapping as a group-based technique, where a group of people works together on the same body-map, rather than the traditional individual approach to this method.Keywords: body-mapping; Life Orientation; metaphor; pre-service teacher; professional identity; reflectio

Framework for a sustainable ERP license model in an increasingly competitive software market

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering, under the supervision of Prof. I. Botef. Johannesburg, July 2015Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have notoriously complex license models. Whilst the ERP market has been dominated since the 1980‟s by SAP AG and Oracle Corp., this picture is changing with these software giants slowly losing market share to the more than 100 proprietary ERP systems available today. Many of these new entrants wield simpler, more transparent licensing models. This research aims to understand how the current ERP license models behave under varying market conditions with the goal of developing a “framework for a sustainable ERP license model in an increasingly competitive software market”. The research issues are addressed by modelling an actual economic firm with the aid of a software simulation. The aim of this simulation is to model how closely ERP license models link the benefit of the ERP to the cost of the license model. Simpler license models (employed by the new ERP entrants) demonstrated a comparable level of cost/benefit. The research concludes with a proposed framework for a sustainable ERP license model. Potential future research includes investigating the use of gain-share or profit-share models for future software license models

Are they really ‘ready, willing and able’? Exploring reality shock in beginner teachers in South Africa

This article reflects on the experiences of 100 South African beginner teachers and contextualises their experiences of reality shock by applying the ‘ready, willing and able’ model of Shulman and Shulman (2004). A discourse analysis of critical reflection on experiences during their first year(s) of teaching provided insight into the challenges they faced and indicated a correlation between the results of this study and the aims of the ‘ready, willing and able’ model. In this qualitative study the question is asked as to whether tertiary institutions might have an extended responsibility to better equip beginner teachers for handling the academic and emotional realities they will face. This article contributes to the growing body of knowledge on beginner teachers and reality shock through advocating an attitude of critical analysis and self-reflection that can empower beginner teachers to handle unpredictable situations, adapt and learn from experience and manage their experience of reality shock and stress during their first year(s) of teaching. The solution might be a shared responsibility that is guided by a commitment towards interdependence and inter-activeness within the system and all the role-players.Keywords: beginner teacher; pre-service teacher training; reality shoc

Pastoral Farmer Goals and Intensification Strategies

Focus groups were held with four pastoral sectors (sheep, dairy, deer, and beef) to investigate intensification strategies available to each sector. Focus groups first identified drivers of intensification in their sector, then identified the strategies they perceived as available, and evaluated the identified strategies in terms of favourability. For a researcher selected intensification strategy in each pastoral sector, benefits, barriers and solutions, and the relationship between farmer goals and the selected strategy was examined. The three main drivers of intensification in the sheep industry were profit, higher land values and return on capital. The researcher chosen strategy, high fecundity sheep, was viewed by the focus group as having benefits of increased financial security, increased profit, better return on capital and better land utilisation. However the strategy was seen as conflicting with other desirable goals such as lifestyle, social life, work variety, self reliance, environmental concerns and animal welfare. The three main drivers of intensification in the dairy sector were declining market prices, need for increased profit and need for increased productivity. The researcher chosen strategy, robotic milking, was viewed as having benefits of: reduced labour requirements, enhanced lifestyle, greater job satisfaction, reduce operational costs and increased profit. Implementation cost was viewed as a barrier as was the need for new specialised technical skills. The three main drivers of intensification in the deer industry were return on investment, competition from other land uses and returns per hectare compared with other pastoral sectors. The researcher chosen strategy, 100kg weaner by 1st June, had benefits of increased management options, increased profit, achievement of animals’ genetic potential, better predictability and a higher kill-out yield. The strategy presents challenges to animal welfare – an important consideration for the group. Three industry enterprises (dairy, calf rearers, and beef finishers) are involved in beef production. All three agreed that profit was the main driver for intensification. The researcher chosen strategy was dairy/beef progeny. Benefits of this strategy for the industry were: increased profit, access to prime markets, higher yielding quicker growing animals, and better behaved animals. The primary barrier to the success of this strategy was the need for co-operation across the three industry enterprises and the processors, and the need to ensure increased profits are distributed to all parts of the chain. Dairy farmers (the source of 65% of animals farmed for beef) were particular concerned about animal welfare issues and the consequent financial risks presented to their operations by this strategy.Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Consumer/Household Economics, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Land Economics/Use, Livestock Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty,

Die bepaling van die ‘sentrum van hoofbelange’ by oorgrens insolvensies: Is die Parmalat-benadering voldoende om die behoeftes van moderne handel te bevredig?

Despite various viewpoints on the determination of the centre of main interest (COMI), the legal question in this investigation is whether, and to what extent, the approach in In re Eurofood IFSC Ltd (the Parmalat case) brings about an effective solution for the determination of the location of the COMI of individual companies, either unattached or as part of a group (in contrast with companies forming a so called economic unit). There exists a presumption that the COMI is situated there where the company’s registered office is. This is the physical factor in determining the COMI. There is also a mental or psychological factor. The COMI must correspond with the place which third parties (including foreigners) regard as the place where the debtor ordinarily manages its business and most prominent interests on a regular basis. If the registered office is situated at one place and the judgment of third parties with regard to the COMI is elsewhere, the presumption will not come into operation and the ordinary onus of proof will rest on the party concerned. If the subsidiary’s registered office and the opinion of third parties point to the same location (in order for the presumption to come into operation) the holding company should lead more substantial evidence so as to rebut the presumption. The presumption shall not be rebutted easily. An essential and delicate process of weighing up relevant factors should take place. The COMI must be identified with reference to criteria which are objectively foreseeable by all parties involved

B1 but not B2 bradykinin receptor agonists promote DU145 prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration

Background: The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is an endogenous pathway involved in angiogenesis and tumourigenesis, both vital for cancer growth and progression.Objectives: To investigate the effect of two bradykinin receptor (B1R and B2R) agonists on growth and motility of prostate tumour (DU145) and micro-vascular endothelial cells (dMVECs).Methods: Increasing concentrations of selective B1R and B2R agonists were added to cultured cells. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using the 3-[4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and modified Boyden Chamber assays, respectively. Where significant stimulation was found, the influence of an antagonist was also investigated.Results: Neither growth nor motility of endothelial cells was affected by either agonist. In DU145 cells, while the B2R agonist was without any significant effect, the B1R agonist stimulated proliferation and migration at concentrations of 10nM and 50nM respectively. Further, this effect was abrogated when cells were pre-incubated with a B1R antagonist.Conclusions: Unlike the physiologically-active B2R, the pathologically-inducible B1R may be implicated in prostate tumourigenic events. The involvement of the KKS in malignant prostate pathology supports on-going exploration of bradykinin receptor antagonists as target candidates in the development of alternate approaches to cancer therapy.Keywords: Bradykinin receptor antagonists, Kallikrein, Prostate tumour, Angiogenesis, Endothelial, Conditioned mediu

Effects of post mortem temperature on rigor tension, shortening and pH in ostrich muscle

Fully developed rigor mortis in muscle is characterised by maximum loss of extensibility. The course of post mortem changes in ostrich muscle was studied by following isometric tension, shortening and change in pH during the first 24 h post mortem within muscle strips from the muscularis gastrocnemius, pars interna at constant temperatures of 7 °C and 37 °C. Maximum shortening was significantly higher at 37 °C (33.4 ± 3.57%) than at 7 °C (10.7 ± 2.63%). The rate of rigor development was temperature dependent, reaching a maximum tension at 4.08 ± 3.89 h post mortem in muscle strips at 37 °C; while at 7 °C maximum tension was reached at 10.5 ± 6.47 h post mortem. It was concluded that the completion of rigor occurred at the point of minimum pH. Keywords: Rigor mortis, rigor tension, muscle shortening, ostrich, rigor shortening, cold-shortening, hot-deboning, rate of pH declineSouth African Journal of Animal Science Vol. 38 (3) 2008: pp. 184-19