Beyond braid anyons: A lattice model for one-dimensional anyons with a Galilean invariant continuum limit

Anyonic exchange statistics can emerge when the configuration space of quantum particles is not simply-connected. Most famously, anyon statistics arises for particles with hard-core two-body constraints in two dimensions. Here, the exchange paths described by the braid group are associated to non-trivial geometric phases, giving rise to abelian braid anyons. Hard-core three-body constraints in one dimension (1D) also make the configuration space of particles non-simply connected, and it was recently shown that this allows for a different form of anyons with statistics given by the traid group instead of the braid group. In this article we propose a first concrete model for such traid anyons. We first construct a bosonic lattice model with number-dependent Peierls phases which implement the desired geometric phases associated with abelian representations of the traid group and then define anyonic operators so that the Hamiltonian becomes local and quadratic with respect to them. The ground-state of this traid-anyon-Hubbard model shows various indications of emergent approximate Haldane exclusion statistics. The continuum limit results in a Galilean invariant Hamiltonian with eigenstates that correspond to previously constructed continuum traid-anyonic wave functions. This provides not only an a-posteriori justification of our model, but also shows that our construction serves as an intuitive approach to traid anyons. Moreover, it contrasts with the non-Galilean invariant continuum limit of the anyon-Hubbard model [Keilmann et al., Nat.\ Comm.~\textbf{2}, 361 (2011)] describing braid anyons on a discrete 1D configuration space. We attribute this difference to the fact that (unlike braid anyons) traid anyons are well defined also in the continuum in 1D.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figure

SENSIBILIDADE DA COLORAÇÃO DE GRAM NO DIAGNÓSTICO PRÉVIO DAS INFECÇÕES EM SÍTIOS CORPORAIS ESTÉREIS

O isolamento e identificação do agente etiológico causador de infecção a partir de líquidos biológicos podem ser um fator crítico para a recuperação da saúde do paciente, pois estas infecções geralmente são graves e deixam seqüelas. Neste trabalho foram analisadas 82 amostras de diferentes líquidos biológicos, comparando os resultados da coloração de Gram com os das culturas, além de verificar incidência dos microrganismos isolados. O Gram apresentou sensibilidade e especificidade de 62,5% e 93,9% respectivamente. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus aureus foram as bactérias mais isoladas. Concluiu-se que a Coloração de Gram pode ser uma ferramenta útil na análise dos líquidos biológicos, contribuindo no diagnóstico preliminar destas infecções. SENSITIVITY OF GRAM STAINING FOR EARLY DIAGNOSTIC OF INFECTIONS IN STERILE BODY SITES Abstract Isolation and identification of an etiologic agent from biological fluids can be a critic factor for the clinical outcome of the patient, because this infection can generally be severe and cause sequels. Eighty-two different samples of biological fluids were analyzed through the Gram staining method. The results of Gram were compared with those obtained with culture, and the incidence of isolated microorganisms was also analyzed. The Gram staining presented 62.5% and 93.9% of sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Among all types of isolated and identified bacteria, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. aureus were the commonest ones. It was concluded that the Gram staining could be a useful tool on analysis of biological fluids, contributing for the previous diagnostic of these infections