Impact of Applying of Ansoff Model on Marketing Performance for Saudi Foodstuff Companies

This study aims to determine the impact of Ansoff model application on marketing performance on Saudi foodstuff companies. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed and distributed. The study population consists of all Saudi Food Companies employees, and convenience sample was selected 150 questionnaire were distributed, 110 were recalled which representing (73%) of the sample. The study finds that there is a strong impact of Applying Ansoff Model (market penetration strategy, product development strategy, market development strategy, diversification strategy) on marketing performance in Saudi Food Companies. The study recommended some recommendations which enable the decision-makers to use the strategies of Ansoff Model in effective way, which it helping Saudi Food Companies to increase the levels of marketing performance and to achieve its objectives, as survival, growth, achieve benefits and profits. Keywords: Ansoff Model, Marketing Performance, Food Companies, Saudi Arabia

Turbulences dans l’application judiciaire du Code tunisien du statut personnel: le conflit de référentiels dans l’oeuvre prétorienne

The observance of the legal practice reveals the complexity of the reality in which the Tunisian Code of the personal status is projected. Whereas certain judges seek the lighting of those standards per reference to the traditional Islamic law, others turn to the fundamental rights in order to interpret these provisions. This fluctuation of the case law (i. e jurisprudence) position is explained essentially by extra-legal considerations. Cultural, sociological and political elements interfere, in a latent way, at the time of the implementing of the textual solutions of this Code, thus, leading to a true confrontation between two completely dissimilar logics. After this observation, the reflexion which is corollary there, seeks to put into relief the drawbacks of this situation. Indeed, this one puts in danger the stability and the safety of the subjective rights, as it weakness the guiding principles which support the objective rights. Hence, the need arises for recomposing the logic of the system by the adoption of a systemic approach which puts forward the coherence of the standards of the legal order and breaks with “ this schizophrenic state” of the discipline.L’observation de la pratique judiciaire révèle la complexité de la réalité dans laquelle se projette le Code tunisien du statut personnel. Alors que certains juges cherchent l’éclairage de ses normes par référence au droit musulman classique, d’autres se tournent vers les droits fondamentaux pour interpréter ses dispositions. Cette oscillation de la jurisprudence s’explique, pour l’essentiel, par des considérations extra-juridiques. Des éléments culturels, sociologiques et politiques interfèrent, de manière latente, lors de la mise en oeuvre des solutions textuelles de ce Code, amenant ainsi à une véritable confrontation entre deux logiques totalement dissemblables. Ce constat étant fait, la réflexion qui y est corollaire cherche à montrer les inconvénients de cette situation. En effet, celle-ci met en péril la stabilité et la sécurité des droits subjectifs, comme elle bat en brèche les principes directeurs qui étayent le droit objectif. D’où la nécessité de recomposer la logique du système par l’adoption d’une approche systémique qui met en exergue la cohérence des normes de l’ordre juridique et rompt avec « cet état schizophrénique » de la discipline.Bostanji Sami. Turbulences dans l’application judiciaire du Code tunisien du statut personnel: le conflit de référentiels dans l’oeuvre prétorienne. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 61 N°1,2009. pp. 7-47

Legal translation in Saudi Arabia : a contrastive analysis of linguistic challenges encountered by practitioners

This study investigates the differences and similarities between Arabic and English legal texts in terms of structure and stylistic features. It also tackles the difficulties involved in legal translation practice in Saudi Arabia, as well as the effects on legal translation that result from legal translators consulting with legal drafters. All these areas are explored by two methods; first, through a contrastive linguistic analysis of both Arabic and English legal texts in general and contracts and agreements in particular; second, through an empirical study conducted on two professional categories: that is, legal translators and lawyers specializing in legal drafting in Saudi Arabia. The results confirmed that translating legal texts is far more difficult compared to the translation of other texts, the majority of legal translators find translation of legal texts from Arabic into English is more difficult than the translation from English into Arabic, and translation of commercial contracts and agreements from Arabic into English is more difficult than translation from English into Arabic. The main reasons for this might be that the native language of the translators is Arabic, the lack of sufficient second language acquisition in general and legal language in particular, and less consultation with legal English experts. Furthermore, this study revealed that the translation of culture-specific legal terms constitutes a significant difficulty for legal translators in translating commercial contracts and agreements from Arabic into English and vice versa, followed by general legal terminology, text layout, and finally tense, modals, punctuation, capitalization, and sentence structure. It also confirmed that the majority of legal translators in Saudi Arabia found collaboration between legal translators and legal drafters when translating commercial contracts and agreements very important