Case study of socio-legal conditionality of establishing a ban on criminal acts concerning land resources

The problem of protecting land resources is currently relevant to the entire world community. On the basis of mathematical analysis of the dynamics indicators, it has been established that the number of criminal cases increased by 218 units (6.2%) during the last year compared with the previous year, while the number of closed criminal proceedings increased by 172 units (7.8%). The rate of growth shows an increasing trend both for the initiation (registration) of criminal proceedings in the land relations field, and for the termination of criminal proceedings due to the lack of corpus delicti. The forecast for the next three years showed that the load on the judicial system will increase every year, and the effectiveness of solving the problem of protecting land resources will remain extremely unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to improve legislation. The social conditionality factors of the criminal law prohibition are proposed, which together provide a sufficient basis for the necessity of recognizing socially dangerous offenses against land resources as criminally punishable. The criminal legislation analysis of foreign countries shows that only in Ukraine the regulatory framework provides the most complete protection of land resources. This positive experience can be used to create an optimal mechanism of criminal law protection of land resources at the international level

Application of copper and aluminium electrode in electro coagulation process for municipal wastewater treatment: A case study at Karachi

The reuse of treated domestic wastewater is an imperative source of water for numerous purposes. The treatment of municipal wastewater can be process by utilizing the technique for electrocoagulation. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an eco-friendly technique that combines the functions and advantages of conventional coagulation, flotation, and electrochemistry in water and wastewater treatment. The aim of present study was to assess the potential of electrocoagulation process in removing COD, BOD, TSS, turbidity, sulphate, nitrate, chloride and TDS from municipal wastewater. This experimental study was carried out at a batch system by using copper and aluminium electrodes aiming to treat the municipal wastewater at (0, 7, 14, and 21 volts, 50mamp for 60minutes) from Sample Baloch Colony (SBC), Sample Rind Goth (SRG), Sample Cattle Colony (SCC), Sample Pakistan Machine Tool Factory (SPMTF) and Sample Mehran Highway (SMH). The results revealed that the maximum removal efficiency of COD 96% for SPMTF, BOD 38.5% for SPMTF, TSS 98.14% for SMH, Turbidity 95.7% for SPMTF, Sulphate 95.9% for SRG, Nitrate 95.23% for SMH, Chloride 97.92% for SMH and TDS 96.9% for SRG at 21 volt. The present study suggested that the treated wastewater could be safely reuse for lawns, parks, tree plantation and recreation purpose