Step bunching of vicinal 6H-SiC{0001} surfaces

We use kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to understand growth- and etching-induced step bunching of 6H-SiC{0001} vicinal surfaces oriented towards [1-100] and [11-20]. By taking account of the different rates of surface diffusion on three inequivalent terraces, we reproduce the experimentally observed tendency for single bilayer height steps to bunch into half unit cell height steps. By taking account of the different mobilities of steps with different structures, we reproduce the experimentally observed tendency for adjacent pairs of half unit cell height steps to bunch into full unit cell height steps. A prediction of our simulations is that growth-induced and etching-induced step bunching lead to different surface terminations for the exposed terraces when full unit cell height steps are present.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figure

Eruptive Event Generator Based on the Gibson-Low Magnetic Configuration

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), a kind of energetic solar eruptions, are an integral subject of space weather research. Numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modeling, which requires powerful computational resources, is one of the primary means of studying the phenomenon. With increasing accessibility of such resources, grows the demand for user-friendly tools that would facilitate the process of simulating CMEs for scientific and operational purposes. The Eruptive Event Generator based on Gibson-Low flux rope (EEGGL), a new publicly available computational model presented in this paper, is an effort to meet this demand. EEGGL allows one to compute the parameters of a model flux rope driving a CME via an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI). We provide a brief overview of the physical principles behind EEGGL and its functionality. Ways towards future improvements of the tool are outlined

Preparation of anti-idiotypic antibodies for the diagnosis of bovine leukemia

The basic components of the diagnostic test systems are antigens and specific antibodies. The main objective of developing express tests for the diagnosis of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is to obtain a virus antigen drug, which is very time-consuming to prepare. This problem can be solved by producing anti-idiotype antibodies that have a chemical structure identical to that of the viral antigen and does not require large expenditures to manufacture [1, 2]

Preparation of anti-idiotypic antibodies for the diagnosis of bovine leukemia

The basic components of the diagnostic test systems are antigens and specific antibodies. The main objective of developing express tests for the diagnosis of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is to obtain a virus antigen drug, which is very time-consuming to prepare. This problem can be solved by producing anti-idiotype antibodies that have a chemical structure identical to that of the viral antigen and does not require large expenditures to manufacture [1, 2]

Radial Velocity along the Voyager 1 Trajectory: The Effect of Solar Cycle

As Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 are approaching the heliopause (HP)—the boundary between the solar wind (SW) and the local interstellar medium (LISM)—we expect new, unknown features of the heliospheric interface to be revealed. A seeming puzzle reported recently by Krimigis et al. concerns the unusually low, even negative, radial velocity components derived from the energetic ion distribution. Steady-state plasma models of the inner heliosheath (IHS) show that the radial velocity should not be equal to zero even at the surface of the HP. Here we demonstrate that the velocity distributions observed by Voyager 1 are consistent with time-dependent simulations of the SW-LISM interaction. In this Letter, we analyze the results from a numerical model of the large-scale heliosphere that includes solar cycle effects. Our simulations show that prolonged periods of low to negative radial velocity can exist in the IHS at substantial distances from the HP. It is also shown that Voyager 1 was more likely to observe such regions than Voyager 2

Method for basic measurement adjustment of commutator profiles

The possibility of error minimization as a result of noncontact measurement of the distance between eddy-current converter and commutator has been shown. The problem was solved by means of adjustment in transfer constant of the device measuring channel in the process of measuring distance to arbitrary taken commutator bar according to the method proposed

A Technology of Wastewater Sludge Treatment

At many communities, industrial and agricultural enterprises, treatment and recycling of wastewater sludge is an urgent task as the sludge is poured and stored in sludge banks for many years and thus worsens the ecology and living conditions of the region. The article suggests a new technology of wastewater sludge treatment using water-soluble binder and heat treatment in microwave ovens