Child abuse reporting barriers: Iranian nurses� experiences

Background: Although in many countries child abuse reporting is mandated, Iranian nurses report abused cases voluntary. Some of the cases are reported to the police and others are referred to welfare organizations or other non-governmental organizations. Absence of a uniform reporting system along with a lack of legal support in the specific cultural context of Iran has resulted challenges for the reporters of child abuse. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the Iranian nurses� experiences of reporting child abuse as well as to explore the existing barriers. Patients and Methods: A qualitative study with conventional content analysis was conducted to explore the barriers of reporting child abuse. Individual interviews between 30 and 45 minutes in duration were conducted with a purposive sample of 16 nurses with direct experience of dealing with children who had been abused. Graneheim and Lundman�s method was used for data analysis. Results: The data were classified to five themes including �knowledge deficit�, �previous unpleasant experiences about child abuse reporting�, �ethical challenges�,� legal challenges� and �cultural beliefs�. Conclusions: According to the findings, enhancement of nurses and public knowledge about child abuse, legal issues and jurisprudence along with legislation of clear and simple laws, are mandatory to protect abused children in Iran. © 2015, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Challenges of the preceptors working with new nurses: A phenomenological research study

© 2016. Introduction: Preceptors play an important role in the transition of new nurses to the practice setting, however, preceptorship experience has been perceived as stressful by preceptors. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of nurse preceptors working with new nurses. Method: This qualitative study used the hermeneutic phenomenological design to explore the experiences of six nurse preceptors working with new nurses in a tertiary pediatric teaching hospital in Northwest of Iran, who were recruited by purposive sampling. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured individual interviews between July 2014 and March 2015, and analyzed using the Diekelmann's seven-stage method. Results: Data analysis revealed three themes: 1) preceptorship as a challenging and stressful role; 2) lack of support; and 3) lack of appreciation. Preceptorship as 'a challenging and stressful role' was the constitutive pattern that unified the themes. Conclusion: The preceptorship of new nurses is challenging and stressful. Preceptors endure several roles concurrently, thus, their workload should be balanced appropriately in order not to compromise with one another and evade burnout. The preceptors need to be well supported and their contribution be appropriately recognized. Setting clear objectives and realistic expectations, and having clear policies and guidelines in place should help develop a preceptorship program that is more likely to bring about positive outcomes for both preceptors and new nurses

Comparison of the effects of prone and supine positions on abdominal distention in the premature infants receiving nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP)

Background: Premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are in dire need of respiratory support with a ventilator. However, the high tidal volume of mechanical ventilation may cause lung injury, and researchers have been concerned with the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). NCPAP has concomitant side effects, such as abdominal distention, which might disrupt the proper nutrition of neonates. The present study aimed to compare the effects of supine and prone positions on the abdominal distension of the newborns with NCPAP. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 37 neonates during six months with a randomized block crossover design selected for the supine and prone positions on the back and abdomen, respectively. Samples were breastfed infants receiving noninvasive ventilation, who were kept in the mentioned positions for two hours. Data analysis was performed in Application SRS version 19 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In the analysis of variance, comparison of the changes in the abdominal circumference at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes in the supine position (P=0.004) and prone position (P=0.001) with repeated sizes indicated a significant difference in at least one of the mentioned timings. Conclusion: According to the results, prone position while feeding could effectively reduce abdominal distension in the neonates receiving NCPAP. © 2018 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Paradox of Modern Pregnancy: A Phenomenological Study of Women's Lived Experiences from Assisted Pregnancy

The purpose of our study was describing the meaning of pregnancy through Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs). A qualitative design with hermeneutic phenomenology approach was selected to carry out the research. Semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 women who experienced assisted pregnancy. Three themes emerged from women's experience including finding peace in life, paradoxical feelings, and struggling to realize a dream. We concluded that pregnancy is the beginning of a new and hard struggle for women with fertility problems. The findings of our study resulted in helpful implications for the health care professionals managing assisted pregnancies. Copyright © 2015 Fahimeh Ranjbar et al

The effect of family-centered empowerment program on self-efficacy of adolescents with thalassemia major: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Background: Chronic nature of thalassemia causes changes in different aspects of life in patients, including their self-efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of family-centered empowerment program on the self-efficacy of adolescents with Thalassemia major. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was performed on adolescents with thalassemia major in 2013 in Bandar Abbas, Iran. The participants were divided into intervention and control groups, respectively. Research instruments included demographic data questionnaire, need assessment selfmade questionnaire, general self-efficacy scale, and sickle cell self-efficacy scale. After collecting the data from the pre-intervention step, family-centered empowerment program was implemented for the intervention group and secondary test was conducted six weeks after the intervention and the results were analyzed by statistical SPSS-21 software, using independent t-test, paired t-test, Chi-square and Fisher�s exact test, and descriptive statistics. A significance level of P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the adolescents� age were 16±1.9 in the intervention group and 15.2±2 in the control group. Independent t-test showed a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention for both self-efficacies (P<0.01 and P=0.02). In the control group, the results of general self-efficacy scores after six weeks� time were reduced compared to the previous one while disease-related self-efficacy scores in the same group after six weeks� time increased and paired t-test indicated a significant difference in the mean scores for both self-efficacies in both groups. Conclusion: Implementation of family-centered empowerment program for patients with thalassemia major is practically feasible and it can increase self-efficacy in these patients. It is suggested that the program should be used in comprehensive care protocols of children and adolescents. © 2018, Shriaz University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Comparison of the effects of prone and supine positions on abdominal distention in the premature infants receiving nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP)

Background: Premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are in dire need of respiratory support with a ventilator. However, the high tidal volume of mechanical ventilation may cause lung injury, and researchers have been concerned with the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). NCPAP has concomitant side effects, such as abdominal distention, which might disrupt the proper nutrition of neonates. The present study aimed to compare the effects of supine and prone positions on the abdominal distension of the newborns with NCPAP. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 37 neonates during six months with a randomized block crossover design selected for the supine and prone positions on the back and abdomen, respectively. Samples were breastfed infants receiving noninvasive ventilation, who were kept in the mentioned positions for two hours. Data analysis was performed in Application SRS version 19 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In the analysis of variance, comparison of the changes in the abdominal circumference at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes in the supine position (P=0.004) and prone position (P=0.001) with repeated sizes indicated a significant difference in at least one of the mentioned timings. Conclusion: According to the results, prone position while feeding could effectively reduce abdominal distension in the neonates receiving NCPAP. © 2018 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Palliative care as the driving force for providing psychological comfort to patients with cancer: A hermeneutic study

Background: Palliative care is an important part of effective cancer care Objectives: The purpose of our study was to explore the lived experiences of nurses providing psychological palliative care for cancer patients in Iran. Methods: A hermeneutic phenomenological study was performed. We interviewed 11 oncology nurses to understand their lived experiences in cancer wards about psychological palliative care. We employed a seven-stage process of data analysis. Results: One constitutive pattern �palliative care as the driving force for providing psychological comfort to patients with cancer� and three associated themes, namely �stress management�, �empathetic behavior�, and �all-embracing outlook�, were identified. Conclusions: The findings present better understanding of the lived experiences of oncology nurses in Iran regarding the phenomena under study. © 2016, Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention

Effect of mother's infant massage on neonatal weight and perceived self-efficacy of mothers with low birth weight infants

Introduction: Weight is the most important growth factor in newborns and perceived self-efficacy is known as an effective factor weigh gaining. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mother's infant massage on neonatal weight and perceived self-efficacy of mothers with low birth weight infants. Materials and Methods: 80 infants were divided into intervention and control groups in this qusiexperimental study in neonatal intensive care unit. 40 low-birth weight infants received massage by their mother for 60 days, 15 minutes a day, and only normal care was taken in the control group. At the end of the study, weight gain and self-efficacy scores were analyzed standard statisctical methods. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean weight changes in the intervention group (2120.88± 385.26) and control (1760.88 ± 220.31) at the tenth day of birth and two months (P = 0.001). The results of independent t-test showed a significant increase in self-efficacy scores and its dimensions in the two intervention groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Low-birth-weight infant massage improves weight gain and promotes perceived self-efficacy in mothers. Due to the low cost of this method, it is suggested to teach massage techniques as one of the essential training during discharge in newborns. © 2020, Semnan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Comparison of the effects of prone and supine positions on abdominal distention in the premature infants receiving nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP)

Background: Premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are in dire need of respiratory support with a ventilator. However, the high tidal volume of mechanical ventilation may cause lung injury, and researchers have been concerned with the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). NCPAP has concomitant side effects, such as abdominal distention, which might disrupt the proper nutrition of neonates. The present study aimed to compare the effects of supine and prone positions on the abdominal distension of the newborns with NCPAP. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 37 neonates during six months with a randomized block crossover design selected for the supine and prone positions on the back and abdomen, respectively. Samples were breastfed infants receiving noninvasive ventilation, who were kept in the mentioned positions for two hours. Data analysis was performed in Application SRS version 19 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In the analysis of variance, comparison of the changes in the abdominal circumference at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes in the supine position (P=0.004) and prone position (P=0.001) with repeated sizes indicated a significant difference in at least one of the mentioned timings. Conclusion: According to the results, prone position while feeding could effectively reduce abdominal distension in the neonates receiving NCPAP. © 2018 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

The effect of family-centered empowerment program on self-efficacy of adolescents with thalassemia major: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Background: Chronic nature of thalassemia causes changes in different aspects of life in patients, including their self-efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of family-centered empowerment program on the self-efficacy of adolescents with Thalassemia major. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was performed on adolescents with thalassemia major in 2013 in Bandar Abbas, Iran. The participants were divided into intervention and control groups, respectively. Research instruments included demographic data questionnaire, need assessment selfmade questionnaire, general self-efficacy scale, and sickle cell self-efficacy scale. After collecting the data from the pre-intervention step, family-centered empowerment program was implemented for the intervention group and secondary test was conducted six weeks after the intervention and the results were analyzed by statistical SPSS-21 software, using independent t-test, paired t-test, Chi-square and Fisher�s exact test, and descriptive statistics. A significance level of P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the adolescents� age were 16±1.9 in the intervention group and 15.2±2 in the control group. Independent t-test showed a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention for both self-efficacies (P<0.01 and P=0.02). In the control group, the results of general self-efficacy scores after six weeks� time were reduced compared to the previous one while disease-related self-efficacy scores in the same group after six weeks� time increased and paired t-test indicated a significant difference in the mean scores for both self-efficacies in both groups. Conclusion: Implementation of family-centered empowerment program for patients with thalassemia major is practically feasible and it can increase self-efficacy in these patients. It is suggested that the program should be used in comprehensive care protocols of children and adolescents. © 2018, Shriaz University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved