Parasuicide and drug self-poisoning: analysis of the epidemiological and clinical variables of the patients admitted to the Poisoning Treatment Centre (CAV), Niguarda General Hospital, Milan

Epidemiological knowledge of parasuicides and drug self-poisoning is still limited by a lack of data. A number of preliminary studies, which require further analysis, evidenced that parasuicidal acts occur more often among females, that the peak rate is generally recorded between the ages of 15 and 34 years and psychotropic medications seems to be the most frequently used. The aim of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical variables of a sample of subjects admitted to the Posisoning Treatment Centre (CAV), Niguarda General Hospital, Milan, following drug self-poisoning. Furthermore, this study is aimed to identify the risk factors associated to parasuicidal gestures, with special care for the used drugs, the presence of psychiatric or organic disorders, alcoholism and drug addiction. The study included the 201 patients attending the CAV in 1999 and 2000 who satisfied the criteria of self-poisoning attempts: 106 cases in 1999 and 95 in 2000. The sample had a prevalence of females (64%). The peak rates of parasuicides from drug self-poisoning were reached between 21 and 30 years among the females, and 31 and 40 years among the males. 81.6% of the patients used one or more psychoactive drugs, the most frequent being the benzodiazepines (58.7%), classic neuroleptics (16.9%) and new-generation antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs, NARIs) (12.9%). The prevalence of mood disorders was higher among females (64% vs 42%), whereas schizophrenia was more frequently diagnosed in males (22% vs 10%). 61% (33%) had a history of previous attempted suicides. The presence of clinically relevant organic diseases was observed in 24.9% of the sample

Plant poisoning: Increasing relevance, a problem of public health and education. North-Western Italy, Piedmont region

Indoor and outdoor plants are responsible for a rising number of accidental poisonings. Plant ingestions are among the top five causes of accidental poisonings in children younger than 5 years. Pets are also frequent victims of plant poisonings. Young children and pets will often chew and eat anything within reach, no matter how it tastes or if it is bitter. Eating a small amount of a plant may not always be a problem, but large or repeated doses may be extremely harmful. There is no easy test for knowing poisonous plants from those that are safe. Don't assume a plant is safe for humans just because animals or birds eat it without harm, and heating and cooking do not necessarily destroy the toxin in a mushroom or a plant. Regarding plant exposures and/or poisonings in Piedmont region, on average fifty cases per year were monitored by the Milan Poison Control Center at the Niguarda Hospital, Italy. This study was divided into provinces, ages and sex, place of exposures (home, school, at work); in addition some cases of group intoxication were monitored. Many plants cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Some plants have substances that are very irritating to the tongue, mouth and skin. The expositions mainly regard houseplants, garden or vegetable-garden plants, but the most severe and dangerous expositions are due to wild plants