IMPROVED STATISTICS ESTIMATION AND FEATURE EXTRACTION FOR HYPERSPECTRAL DATA CLASSIFICATION

For hyperspectral data classification, the avoidance of singularity of covariance estimates or excessive near singularity estimation error due to limited training data is a key problem. This study is intended to solve problem via regularized covariance estimators and feature extraction algorithms. A second purpose is to build a robust classification procedure with the advantages of the algorithms proposed in this study but robust in the sense of not requiring extensive analyst operator skill. A pair of covariance estimators called Mixed-LOOCs is proposed for avoiding excessive covariance estimator error. Mixed-LOOC2 has advantages over LOOC and BLOOC and needs less computation than those two. Based on Mixed-LOOC2, new DAFE and mixture classifier algorithms are proposed. Current feature extraction algorithms, while effective in some circumstances, have significant limitations. Discriminate analysis feature extraction (DAFE) is fast but does not perform well with classes whose mean values are similar, and it produces only N-1 reliable features where N is the number of classes. Decision Boundary Feature Extraction does not have these limitations but does not perform well when training sets are small, A new nonparametric feature extraction method (NWFE) is developed to solve the problems of DAFE and DBFE. NWFE takes advantage of the desirable characteristics of DAFE and DBFE, while avoiding their shortcomings. Finally, experimental results show that using NWFE features applied to a mixture classifier based on the Mixed-LOOC2 covariance estimator has the best performance and is a robust procedure for classifying hyperspectral data

Advanced Techniques for Computational and Information Sciences

New techniques in computational and information sciences have played an important role in keeping advancing the so called knowledge economy. Advanced techniques have been introduced to or emerging in almost every field of the scientific world for hundreds of years, which has been accelerated since the late 1970s when the advancement in computers and digital technologies brought the world into the Information Era. In addition to the rapid development of computational intelligence and new data fusion techniques in the past thirty years [1–4], mobile and cloud computing, grid computing driven numeric computation models, big data intelligence, and other emerging technologies have not only expanded the scope of traditional simulation and modelling in many scientific and engineering disciplines [5–8] but also enabled the fusion of traditional and contemporary methods in almost every field in the world [9–11]

A study of the total chromatic number of equibipartite graphs

AbstractThe total chromatic number χt(G) of a graph G is the least number of colors needed to color the vertices and edges of G so that no adjacent vertices or edges receive the same color, no incident edges receive the same color as either of the vertices it is incident with. In this paper, we obtain some results of the total chromatic number of the equibipartite graphs of order 2n with maximum degree n − 1. As a part of our results, we disprove the biconformability conjecture

Common Observations for Near-Source Ground Motions and Seismo-Traveling Ionosphere Disturbances Following the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Japan

The time history and spatial dependence of seismic-wave propagation on the ground surface and through the ionosphere following the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake were reconstructed from dense seismic networks and from Global Positioning System (GPS) array observations, respectively. Using total electron content (TEC) data recorded by a dense GPS receiver network, the near-source ionosphere perturbations induced by this giant earthquake were analyzed and high-resolution images of seismic-wave propagation in the ionosphere are presented. Similar spatial images of ground motions were reconstructed from observations by a dense seismic array. Observations of this event provide, for the first time, the opportunity to compare near-source ground motions with the near-field seismo-traveling ionosphere disturbance (STID) excited by the ground motions. Based on the results, the nature of the source rupture and seismic-wave propagation are discussed. Both seismic and ionosphere observations indicate that seismic energy propagated radially outward initially from the hypocenter, but that the circular shape of the propagation front became gradually distorted as the source rupture became extended. Coherent wavefronts from the two analyses show contrasting patterns during the later stage of propagation, possibly due to different patterns of spatial variations in the physical properties of the solid earth and of the ionosphere

A study of the total chromatic number of equibipartite graphs

AbstractThe total chromatic number χt(G) of a graph G is the least number of colors needed to color the vertices and edges of G so that no adjacent vertices or edges receive the same color, no incident edges receive the same color as either of the vertices it is incident with. In this paper, we obtain some results of the total chromatic number of the equibipartite graphs of order 2n with maximum degree n − 1. As a part of our results, we disprove the biconformability conjecture

A HO-IRT BASED DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT SYSTEM WITH CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE ITEMS

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to develop an on-line assessment system with constructed response items in the context of elementary mathematics curriculum. The system recorded the problem solving process of constructed response items and transfered the process to response codes for further analyses. An inference mechanism based on artificial intelligence was implemented with the system to diagnose the bugs in the problem solving process automatically. To examine the performance of the system, a "Multiplication of Fraction" test was constructed and administered to 158 six graders in Taiwan. The results showed that the mean of classification accuracies of the bugs is above 97%, which implies that the proposed system identifies leaning bugs accurately and efficiently. In addition to bug identification, a high-order item response theory (HO-IRT) was applied to estimate the overall and domain abilities. The correlations between the abilities estimated with HO-IRT and the number of bugs were highly correlated, which suggests that the more learning bugs children possessed the lower his/her mathematic abilities would be. Keywords: constructed response item, computerized test, automated scoring, high-order item response theory INTRODUCTION Constructed response (CR) items are open ended, short answer questions that elicit students' higher-level cognitive abilities and are beneficial to evaluate complex concepts or skills such as problem solvin