Abelian 3-form gauge theory: superfield approach

We discuss a D-dimensional Abelian 3-form gauge theory within the framework of Bonora-Tonin's superfield formalism and derive the off-shell nilpotent and absolutely anticommuting Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry transformations for this theory. To pay our homage to Victor I. Ogievetsky (1928-1996), who was one of the inventors of Abelian 2-form (antisymmetric tensor) gauge field, we go a step further and discuss the above D-dimensional Abelian 3-form gauge theory within the framework of BRST formalism and establish that the existence of the (anti-)BRST invariant Curci-Ferrari (CF) type of restrictions is the hallmark of any arbitrary p-form gauge theory (discussed within the framework of BRST formalism).Comment: LaTeX file, 8 pages, Talk delivered at BLTP, JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russi

Algebraic characterization of the Wess-Zumino consistency conditions in gauge theories

A new way of solving the descent equations corresponding to the Wess-Zumino consistency conditions is presented. The method relies on the introduction of an operator $\delta$ which allows to decompose the exterior space-time derivative $d$ as a $BRS$ commutator. The case of the Yang-Mills theories is treated in detail.Comment: 16 pages, UGVA-DPT 1992/08-781 to appear in Comm. Math. Phy

Energy from the gauge invariant observables

For a classical solution |Psi> in Witten's cubic string field theory, the gauge invariant observable is conjectured to be equal to the difference of the one-point functions of the closed string state corresponding to V, between the trivial vacuum and the one described by |Psi>. For a static solution |Psi>, if V is taken to be the graviton vertex operator with vanishing momentum, the gauge invariant observable is expected to be proportional to the energy of |Psi>. We prove this relation assuming that |Psi> satisfies equation of motion and some regularity conditions. We discuss how this relation can be applied to various solutions obtained recently.Comment: 27 pages; v5: minor revision in section 2, results unchange

Ghost story. II. The midpoint ghost vertex

We construct the ghost number 9 three strings vertex for OSFT in the natural normal ordering. We find two versions, one with a ghost insertion at z=i and a twist-conjugate one with insertion at z=-i. For this reason we call them midpoint vertices. We show that the relevant Neumann matrices commute among themselves and with the matrix $G$ representing the operator K1. We analyze the spectrum of the latter and find that beside a continuous spectrum there is a (so far ignored) discrete one. We are able to write spectral formulas for all the Neumann matrices involved and clarify the important role of the integration contour over the continuous spectrum. We then pass to examine the (ghost) wedge states. We compute the discrete and continuous eigenvalues of the corresponding Neumann matrices and show that they satisfy the appropriate recursion relations. Using these results we show that the formulas for our vertices correctly define the star product in that, starting from the data of two ghost number 0 wedge states, they allow us to reconstruct a ghost number 3 state which is the expected wedge state with the ghost insertion at the midpoint, according to the star recursion relation.Comment: 60 pages. v2: typos and minor improvements, ref added. To appear in JHE

Notoph Gauge Theory: Superfield Formalism

We derive absolutely anticommuting Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry transformations for the 4D free Abelian 2-form gauge theory by exploiting the superfield approach to BRST formalism. The antisymmetric tensor gauge field of the above theory was christened as the "notoph" (i.e. the opposite of "photon") gauge field by Ogievetsky and Palubarinov way back in 1966-67. We briefly outline the problems involved in obtaining the absolute anticommutativity of the (anti-) BRST transformations and their resolution within the framework of geometrical superfield approach to BRST formalism. One of the highlights of our results is the emergence of a Curci-Ferrari type of restriction in the context of 4D Abelian 2-form (notoph) gauge theory which renders the nilpotent (anti-) BRST symmetries of the theory to be absolutely anticommutative in nature.Comment: LaTeX file, 12 pages, Talk delivered at SQS'09 (BLTP, JINR, Dubna

Ghost story. III. Back to ghost number zero

After having defined a 3-strings midpoint-inserted vertex for the bc system, we analyze the relation between gh=0 states (wedge states) and gh=3 midpoint duals. We find explicit and regular relations connecting the two objects. In the case of wedge states this allows us to write down a spectral decomposition for the gh=0 Neumann matrices, despite the fact that they are not commuting with the matrix representation of K1. We thus trace back the origin of this noncommutativity to be a consequence of the imaginary poles of the wedge eigenvalues in the complex k-plane. With explicit reconstruction formulas at hand for both gh=0 and gh=3, we can finally show how the midpoint vertex avoids this intrinsic noncommutativity at gh=0, making everything as simple as the zero momentum matter sector.Comment: 40 pages. v2: typos and minor corrections, presentation improved in sect. 4.3, plots added in app. A.1, two refs added. To appear in JHE

Time-localized projectors in String Field Theory with E-field

We extend the analysis of hep-th/0409063 to the case of a constant electric field turned on the worldvolume and on a transverse direction of a D-brane. We show that time localization is still obtained by inverting the discrete eigenvalues of the lump solution. The lifetime of the unstable soliton is shown to depend on two free parameters: the b-parameter and the value of the electric field. As a by-product, we construct the normalized diagonal basis of the star algebra in $B_{\mu\nu}$-field background.Comment: 27 +1 pages, v2: references added, typos correcte

Vacuum String Field Theory ancestors of the GMS solitons

We define a sequence of VSFT D-branes whose low energy limit leads exactly to a corresponding sequence of GMS solitons. The D-branes are defined by acting on a fixed VSFT lump with operators defined by means of Laguerre polynomials whose argument is quadratic in the string creation operators. The states obtained in this way form an algebra under the SFT star product, which is isomorphic to a corresponding algebra of GMS solitons under the Moyal product. In order to obtain a regularized field theory limit we embed the theory in a constant background B field.Comment: 1+16 pages; v2: typos corrected; v3: two appendices added, final versio

Dressed Sliver solutions in Vacuum String Field Theory

We consider a new class of solutions (dressed slivers) in Vacuum String Field Theory, which represent D25-branes. For each dressed sliver we introduce a deformation parameter and define a family of states which are characterized by new abelian star-subalgebras. We show that this deformation parameter can be used as a regulator: it allows us to define for each such solution a finite norm and energy density. Finally we show how to generalize these results to parallel coincident and to lower dimensional branes.Comment: 39 pages, JHEP style. v2:minor corrections, references adde

Effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on cardiac function evaluated by impedance cardiography in patients with type 2 diabetes. Secondary analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled trial

Cardiovascular outcome trials have documented a strong benefit of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HF) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with or without established cardiovascular disease or prior history of HF. The mechanisms, however, are not entirely clear. We aimed to evaluate whether treatment with SGLT2i affected cardiac function using impedance cardiography (ICG) in a randomized placebo-controlled trial