2,187 research outputs found

    Spin-wave instabilities in spin-transfer-driven magnetization dynamics

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    We study the stability of magnetization precessions induced in spin-transfer devices by the injection of spin-polarized electric currents. Instability conditions are derived by introducing a generalized, far-from-equilibrium interpretation of spin-waves. It is shown that instabilities are generated by distinct groups of magnetostatically coupled spin-waves. Stability diagrams are constructed as a function of external magnetic field and injected spin-polarized current. These diagrams show that applying larger fields and currents has a stabilizing effect on magnetization precessions. Analytical results are compared with numerical simulations of spin-transfer-driven magnetization dynamics.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

    A lattice of double wells for manipulating pairs of cold atoms

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    We describe the design and implementation of a 2D optical lattice of double wells suitable for isolating and manipulating an array of individual pairs of atoms in an optical lattice. Atoms in the square lattice can be placed in a double well with any of their four nearest neighbors. The properties of the double well (the barrier height and relative energy offset of the paired sites) can be dynamically controlled. The topology of the lattice is phase stable against phase noise imparted by vibrational noise on mirrors. We demonstrate the dynamic control of the lattice by showing the coherent splitting of atoms from single wells into double wells and observing the resulting double-slit atom diffraction pattern. This lattice can be used to test controlled neutral atom motion among lattice sites and should allow for testing controlled two-qubit gates.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures Accepted for publication in Physical Review

    RAO-II: an AUV for underwater inspection

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    AIRSUB is a research project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology whose aim is to explore the industrial applications of underwater robots. The Systems, Robotics and Vision Group (SRV) from the University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) is responsible for the subproject of cable/pipeline inspection [1]. To this purpose, an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is under development as a platform to test the vision algorithms, control strategies and software architectures devised in the last years. This paper describes the main characteristics of the new platform, which is based on a commercial Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). The original vehicle has been deeply modifi ed in structure as well as in its electric, electronic and sensorial facets to obtain fully autonomous operation

    Tumour heterogeneity: principles and practical consequences

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    Two major reasons compel us to study tumour heterogeneity: firstly, it represents the basis of acquired therapy resistance, and secondly it may be one of the major sources of the low level of reproducibility in clinical cancer research. The present review focuses on the heterogeneity of neoplastic disease, both within the primary tumour, and between primary tumour and metastases. We discuss different levels of heterogeneity and the current understanding of the phenomenon, as well as imminent developments relevant for clinical research and diagnostic pathology. It is necessary to develop new tools to study heterogeneity and new biomarkers for heterogeneity. Established and new in situ methods will be very useful. In future studies, not only clonal heterogeneity needs to be addressed, but also non-clonal phenotypic heterogeneity which might be important for therapy resistance. We also review heterogeneity established in major tumour types, in order to explore potential similarities that might help to define new strategies for targeted therapy

    Les forĂȘts Ă  Alnus cordata en Italie mĂ©ridionale - Comparaison avec les groupements de Corse

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    Le but de cet article est d’apporter des informations sur les groupements forestiers Ă  Alnus cordata Desf. des massifs montagneux de la partie occidentale de l’Italie mĂ©ridionale. Cette essence centro-mĂ©diterranĂ©enne est prĂ©sente en Corse et sur certains versants sud italiens. Dans cette rĂ©gion, elle constitue de vĂ©ritables groupements forestiers, peu Ă©tendus certes, mais bien individualisĂ©s. C’est pourquoi ces groupements sont rattachĂ©s aux grandes unitĂ©s de vĂ©gĂ©tation prĂ©sentes dans cette rĂ©gion. Leurs affinitĂ©s sont discutĂ©es et leur position dans l’étagement de la vĂ©gĂ©tation bien prĂ©cisĂ©e. Quelques considĂ©rations sur la composition floristique de ces formations permettent de mieux apprĂ©hender les affinitĂ©s biogĂ©ographiques de ces aulnaies

    Trente ans d'apport de la recherche sur les forĂȘts mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes

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    Cet article prĂ©sente un bilan des apports de la recherche Ă©cologique dans le cadre gĂ©nĂ©ral des forĂȘts mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes durant des trois derniĂšres dĂ©cennies. Il convient de prĂ©ciser qu'il s'agit essentiellement de recherche Ă©cologique, car il existe des champs de recherche qui n'y sont pas abordĂ©s

    SynthĂšse des acquis du colloque "Changements climatiques et forĂȘt mĂ©diterranĂ©enne" de 2007 -

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    En novembre 2007, l'Association ForĂȘt MĂ©diterranĂ©enne organisait un colloque original associant effets du changement climatique et forĂȘts mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes. Cette manifestation connut un grand succĂšs, attirant plus de 400 participants de toutes catĂ©gories professionnelles et d'origines gĂ©ographiques variĂ©es, justifiant ainsi la dĂ©cision de recommencer l'expĂ©rience en 2010, pour faire un point sur l'Ă©volution des connaissances thĂ©oriques et pratiques. L'auteur rappelle ici briĂšvement les principales idĂ©es dĂ©veloppĂ©es en 2007

    Dynamique de la végétation : connaissances et processus

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    Les successions dynamiques de la vĂ©gĂ©tation constituent un des mĂ©canismes naturels majeurs de l’évolution de la couverture vĂ©gĂ©tale. Elles sont intuitivement intĂ©grĂ©es dans l’esprit des utilisateurs du milieu naturel sans en connaĂźtre leur organisation et leurs mĂ©canismes. L’objet de cet article est en premier lieu, d’illustrer Ă  partir de quatre exemples du territoire provençal, comment ces successions sont apprĂ©hendĂ©es et quels sont leurs principaux stades dynamiques. Ces exemples illustrent des mĂ©thodes d’étude diffĂ©rentes mais toutes basĂ©es sur le concept de sĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation. Ils sont focalisĂ©s sur les sĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation du chĂȘne pubescent des Ă©tages supramĂ©diterranĂ©en et mĂ©diterranĂ©en, sur la sĂ©rie du chĂȘne-liĂšge dans les Maures et sur le complexe dynamique chĂȘnaie pubescente-hĂȘtraie du massif de la Sainte Baume. Les processus fonctionnels liĂ©s Ă  cette dynamique sont Ă©voquĂ©s

    BiodiversitĂ© et forĂȘts mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes - Approches rĂ©centes -

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    En s’appuyant sur un certain nombre de rĂ©fĂ©rences bibliographiques de la derniĂšre dĂ©cennie, l’auteur tente de montrer quelques aspects dominants du concept de biodiversitĂ©, en s’attachant Ă  retenir plus particuliĂšrement ceux qui ont des implications dans le midi mĂ©diterranĂ©en français. Il souligne l’intĂ©rĂȘt toujours actuel des inventaires de faune et de flore dans le cadre d’études sur la biodiversitĂ© spĂ©cifique, l’apport des Ă©tudes concernant la biodiversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique, les collaborations importantes avec les palĂ©oĂ©cologues, en insistant sur le fait que ces dĂ©marches sont complĂ©mentaires et non concurrentes. On regrettera l’investissement encore limitĂ© sur la biodiversitĂ© fonctionnelle dont les apports pratiques sont essentiels pour les amĂ©nageurs et gestionnaires forestiers
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