Funcionalidad y desempeño cognitivo en adultos mayores de 50 años cognitivamente sanos y pacientes con trastorno neurocognitivo leve

Introducción: Las fallas en funcionalidad como criterio en el Trastorno neurocognitivo Leve (TNL) han sido ampliamente estudiadas en la actualidad debido a la poca información que hay frente al tipo y grado de este declive y a la falta de herramientas para su evaluación en la clínica. Los resultados de los estudios son variables, lo que no permite claridad en cuanto a este fenómeno en los pacientes. Se ha encontrado que presentar fallas en funcionalidad en etapas tempranas de declive cognitivo, podría predecir el desarrollo de enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Objetivo: Medir la funcionalidad en un grupo control y en pacientes con TNL a través de la escala Bayer-actividades de la vida diaria, analizando diferencias entre los de las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y ambientales, y su relación con la cognición, medida con la batería Neuronorma.Co. Metodología: Se seleccionó una muestra de 32 controles y 32 TNL, pareados por edad y escolaridad. Se realizaron pruebas no paramétricas para diferencias de grupo y correlaciones entre las variables. Resultados: No hay diferencias significativas entre los grupos control y TNL para el reporte de la escala Bayer-AVD y así mismo, ésta sólo revela relación significativa con la edad y no muestra relación significativa con las demás variables del estudio. Discusión: Se requieren herramientas sensibles a la detección de cambios tempranos en funcionalidad, ya reportados en TNL. Su estudio debe darse en la evaluación de las tareas paso a paso y no solo su resultado final, para evidenciar los leves cambios en este dominio.Abstract: Introduction: Failures in functionality as a criterion in Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (TNL) have been extensively studied at present, due to the lack of information opposite the type and extent of this decline and the lack of tools for evaluation in the clinic. The results are variable, which does not allow clarity regarding this phenomenon in patients. It has been found that failure to function in early stages of cognitive decline could predict the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: To measure the functionality in a control group and patients with TNL, through the Bayer-activities scale of daily life, analyzing differences between the sociodemographic, clinical and environmental variables, and its relationship with cognition, as measured by the Neuronorma.Co Battery. Methodology: A sample of 32 controls and 32 TNL was selected, matched by age and schooling. Nonparametric tests were performed for group differences and correlations between the variables. Results: There are no significant differences between the control and TNL groups for the report of the Bayer-AVD scale and likewise, this only reveals a significant relationship with age and does not show a significant relationship with the other variables of the study. Discussion: Sensitive tools are required to detect early changes in functionality, already reported in TNL. Your study should be done in the evaluation of the tasks step by step and not only final results, to highlight the slight changes in this domain.Maestrí

Acute effect of three different exercise training modalities on executive function in overweight inactive men: A secondary analysis of the BrainFit study

7 páginasThere is currently a consensus about the positive effects of physical exercise on cognition. However, the exercise intensity-dependent effect on executive function remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT), progressive resistance training (PRT), or combined training (PRT + HIIT) on executive function indicators in overweight inactive adult men (aged 18–30 years old). The participants were screened and excluded for medical conditions known to impact cognitive functioning, which was measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening cognitive test. A randomised, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted among 36 adults who were randomly assigned to a HIIT (n = 12), PRT (n = 7), PRT + HIIT (n = 7), or control group (n = 10) until the energy expenditure of 400–500 kcal. Cognitive inhibition and attention capacity were examined using the Stroop test and d2 test of attention, respectively, and were obtained pre-exercise for baseline measurement and 1 min post-exercise for each exercise training modality. Cognitive inhibition measured by the Stroop test was improved after the HIIT protocol for the domains of reading by +5.89 (η2 = 0.33), colour naming +9.0 (η2 = 0.60), interference +10.1 (η2 = 0.39), and index interference +6.0 (η2 = 0.20). Additionally, the PRT + HIIT group had an increase for the reading condition of +7.1 (η2 = 0.40), colour naming +7.5 (η2 = 0.80), and interference +5.8 (η2 = 0.39). In regard to attentional capacity, the HIIT group elicited small to medium improvements in the concentration level domain of +21.7 (η2 = 0.44), total performance domain +56.6 (η2 = 0.50), and consistency domain −3.0 (η2 = 0.27). These results were similar in the PRT and PRT + HIIT groups in the concentration level and items-processed domains (P < 0.05). In conclusion, acute HIIT and PRT + HIIT sessions reported important effect sizes than PRT alone for cognitive inhibition and attention capacity. Taken together, the results suggest that even short-term exercise interventions can enhance overweight adults' executive functions