Позиционирование изображений фотошаблонов в системах автоматизированного оптического контроля

Разработана система автоматизированного оптического позиционирования фотошаблонов интегральных схем, которая имеет высокие показатели помехоустойчивости и точности

Associations between pretreatment physical performance tests and treatment complications in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review

This systematic review evaluated which outcome variables and cut-off values of pretreatment exercise tests are associated with treatment complications in patients with stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines were followed. A total of 38 studies with adult patients undergoing treatment for stage I-III NSCLC who completed pretreatment exercise tests, and of whom treatment-related complications were recorded were included. A lower oxygen uptake at peak exercise amongst several other variables on the cardiopulmonary exercise test and a lower performance on field tests, such as the incremental shuttle walk test, stair-climb test, and 6-minute walk test, were associated with a higher risk for postoperative complications and/ or postoperative mortality. Cut-off values were reported in a limited number of studies and were inconsistent. Due to the variety in outcomes, further research is needed to evaluate which outcomes and cut-off values of physical exercise tests are most clinically relevant

Associations of Pretreatment Physical Status Parameters with Tolerance of Concurrent Chemoradiation and Survival in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between pretreatment physical status parameters and tolerance of concurrent chemoradiation (cCHRT) and survival among patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients with stage III NSCLC who had received cCHRT between 2006 and 2015. Multivariate independent associations were analysed between the pretreatment parameters age, Charlson comorbidity index, World Health Organization performance status (WHO performance status), body mass index (BMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), maximal handgrip strength, forced expiratory volume in one second and carbon monoxide lung diffusion capacity on the one hand with tolerance of cCHRT (defined as a received radiation dose at least equal to the prescribed radiation dose) and survival on the other hand. Results 527 of 577 patients (91.3%) tolerated cCHRT. A WHO performance status >= 2 (odds ratio (OR) 0.43) and BMI = 2 (hazard ratio (HR) 1.73), low FFMI (HR 1.23) and intolerance of cCHRT (HR 1.55) were associated with poorer survival. Conclusion In patients with stage III NSCLC receiving cCHRT, poor WHO performance status and BMI< 18.5 kg/m(2) were independently associated with tolerance of cCHRT. Physical status parameters and intolerance of cCHRT were independently associated with poorer survival. Besides using this information for treatment decisions, optimizing physical status in patients at risk for intolerance of cCHRT might be a next step for improving treatment outcomes. [GRAPHICS]

Pediatric exercise testing. In health and disease

Measuring peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) during progressive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) up to maximal exertion is widely recognized as the best single measure of aerobic exercise capacity. It is an important determinant of health, even in childhood and adolescence. Measuring VO2peak facilitates an accurate and objective assessment of the integrative physiological response to exercise of the pulmonary, cardiovascular, hematopoietic, and metabolic systems, and can be used for diagnostic, prognostic, and evaluative purposes. However, VO2peak is strongly influenced by the child’s motivation, the selected exercise protocol, verbal encouragement, and the skills and experience of the tester to determine peak exercise. Lastly, performing CPET up to maximal exertion is not feasible in children or adolescents where maximal exercise testing is contraindicated, or when performance may be impaired by pain, shortness of breath, or fatigue rather than exertion. Due to these limitations, experts developed alternative indices that do not rely on a maximal effort, such as the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES). The OUES includes a submaximal parameter of aerobic exercise capacity that can be calculated by using exercise data collected during progressive CPET in addition to the measured VO2peak, or might even act as an alternative for VO2peak. It describes the relationship between the VO2 and the common logarithm of the minute ventilation (VE) throughout CPET. The linearity of this relationship during the last part of CPET implies that the use of submaximal exercise data does not significantly alter the value of the OUES. This is an either unwilling or unable to essential characteristic when a participant is complete CPET up to maximal exertion. Before the OUES can be implemented in daily pediatric (clinical) practice, more profound investigation concerning its validity is necessary in healthy children, as well as in pediatric patient populations, Performing respiratory gas analysis measurements throughout CPET, required for VO2peak and OUES measurements, is sometimes not feasible, due to the expense, the need for special equipment, and the required trained staff. Moreover, the use of a facemask or mouthpiece might frighten children. Due to these limitations, standardized CPET remains underused in daily (clinical) practice, which underlines the need for non-sophisticated pediatric exercise testing procedures that do not require respiratory gas analysis measurements. Such a test might help to increase the utilization of pediatric exercise testing. The steep ramp test (SRT) is an incremental exercise test up to maximal exertion performed on a cycle ergometer that does not require respiratory gas analysis measurements. The attained peak WR (WRpeak) is the SRT’s primary outcome measure that largely exceeds the WRpeak achieved during regular CPET. Since the attained WRpeak at the SRT correlates strongly with the VO2peakattained during traditional CPET, the SRT might be useful as a simple screening tool that provides the clinician with an indication about a child’s aerobic exercise capacity. However, prior to implementing the SRT in daily pediatric (clinical) practice, knowledge is required concerning its reliability and validity in healthy children, as well as in pediatric patient populations

Ventilatory response to exercise in adolescents with cystic fibrosis and mild-to-moderate airway obstruction

Data regarding the ventilatory response to exercise in adolescents with mild-to-moderate cystic fibrosis (CF) are equivocal. This study aimed to describe the ventilatory response during a progressive cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) up to maximal exertion, as well as to assess the adequacy of the ventilatory response for carbon dioxide (CO2) exhalation. Twenty-two adolescents with CF (12 boys and 10 girls; mean +/- SD age: 14.3 +/- 1.3 years; FEV1: 78.6 +/- 17.3% of predicted) performed a maximal CPET. For each patient, data of a sex- and age matched healthy control was included (12 boys and 10 girls; mean +/- SD age: 14.3 +/- 1.4 years). At different relative exercise intensities of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), breathing pattern, estimated ventilatory dead space ventilation (VD/VT ratio), minute ventilation (VE) to CO2 production relationship (VE/VCO2-slope), partial end-tidal CO2 tension (PETCO2), and the VE to the work rate (VE/WR) ratio were examined. VO2peak was significantly reduced in CF patients (P = 0.01). We found no differences in breathing pattern between both groups, except for a significantly higher VE at rest and a trend towards a lower VE at peak exercise in patients with CF. Significantly higher values were found for the estimated VD/VT ratio throughout the CPET in CF patients (P < 0.01). VE/VCO2-slope and PETCO2 values differed not between the two groups throughout the CPET. VE/WR ratio values were significantly higher in CF during the entire range of the CPET (P < 0.01). This study found an exaggerated ventilatory response (high VE/WR ratio values), which was adequate for CO2 exhalation (normal VE/VCO2-slope and PETCO2 values) during progressive exercise up to maximal exhaustion in CF patients with mild-to-moderate airway obstruction

Feasibility of a tele-prehabilitation program in high-risk patients with colon or rectal cancer undergoing elective surgery: a feasibility study

BACKGROUND: Prehabilitation appears to be an effective strategy to reduce postoperative complications and enhance recovery after colorectal surgery. Although many patients prefer (unsupervised) home-based prehabilitation, adherence can be problematic. Combining home-based prehabilitation with tele-monitoring might demonstrate a higher adherence than unsupervised prehabilitation; however, evidence on its feasibility and effectiveness in patients with colorectal cancer scheduled for elective surgery who are at high risk for postoperative complications is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a bimodal tele-prehabilitation program in patients with colorectal cancer at high risk for postoperative complications. METHODS: High-risk patients (oxygen uptake at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold ≤11 mL/kg/min or oxygen uptake at peak exercise ≤ 18 mL/kg/min) with colorectal cancer were included in a home-based bimodal tele-prehabilitation program. The program consisted of a personalized tele-monitored moderate to high-intensity interval training intervention and nutritional counseling. Feasibility was measured by participation rate, dropout rate, adherence to the physical exercise training session’s frequency, intensity, and time, and retention rate. Patient appreciation was measured by a patient appreciation questionnaire. Changes in preoperative physical fitness as secondary outcomes were quantified by time to exhaustion on a constant work rate (cycle) test, number of repetitions on the 30-s chair-stand test, and walking speed on the 4-m gait speed test. RESULTS: The participation rate was 81%, there were no adverse events, and all participants managed to complete the tele-prehabilitation program (retention rate of 100%). Adherence with regard to the exercise program’s frequency, intensity, and time was respectively 91%, 84%, and 100%. All participants appreciated the tele-prehabilitation program. Time to exhaustion on the constant work rate test improved (not statistically significant) from a pre-prehabilitation median score of 317 seconds to a post-prehabilitation median score of 412 seconds (p = 0.24). Median number of repetitions on the 30-s chair-stand test improved from 12 to 16 (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Tele-prehabilitation seems feasible in high-risk patients with colorectal cancer, but efforts should be made to further improve adherence to physical exercise training intensity. More research is needed to establish the (cost-)effectiveness of tele-prehabilitation regarding preoperative improvements in preoperative aerobic fitness and postoperative reduction of complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN, ISRCTN64482109. Registered 09 November 2021 - Retrospectively registered

Feasibility of a tele-prehabilitation program in high-risk patients with colon or rectal cancer undergoing elective surgery: a feasibility study

Background: Prehabilitation appears to be an effective strategy to reduce postoperative complications and enhance recovery after colorectal surgery. Although many patients prefer (unsupervised) home-based prehabilitation, adherence can be problematic. Combining home-based prehabilitation with tele-monitoring might demonstrate a higher adherence than unsupervised prehabilitation; however, evidence on its feasibility and effectiveness in patients with colorectal cancer scheduled for elective surgery who are at high risk for postoperative complications is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a bimodal tele-prehabilitation program in patients with colorectal cancer at high risk for postoperative complications.Methods: High-risk patients (oxygen uptake at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold <= 11 mL/kg/min or oxygen uptake at peak exercise <= 18 mL/kg/min) with colorectal cancer were included in a home-based bimodal tele-prehabilitation program. The program consisted of a personalized tele-monitored moderate to high-intensity interval training intervention and nutritional counseling. Feasibility was measured by participation rate, dropout rate, adherence to the physical exercise training session's frequency, intensity, and time, and retention rate. Patient appreciation was measured by a patient appreciation questionnaire. Changes in preoperative physical fitness as secondary outcomes were quantified by time to exhaustion on a constant work rate (cycle) test, number of repetitions on the 30-s chair-stand test, and walking speed on the 4-m gait speed test.Results: The participation rate was 81%, there were no adverse events, and all participants managed to complete the tele-prehabilitation program (retention rate of 100%). Adherence with regard to the exercise program's frequency, intensity, and time was respectively 91%, 84%, and 100%. All participants appreciated the tele-prehabilitation program. Time to exhaustion on the constant work rate test improved (not statistically significant) from a pre-prehabilitation median score of 317 seconds to a post-prehabilitation median score of 412 seconds (p = 0.24). Median number of repetitions on the 30-s chair-stand test improved from 12 to 16 (p = 0.01).Conclusions: Tele-prehabilitation seems feasible in high-risk patients with colorectal cancer, but efforts should be made to further improve adherence to physical exercise training intensity. More research is needed to establish the (cost-)effectiveness of tele-prehabilitation regarding preoperative improvements in preoperative aerobic fitness and postoperative reduction of complications