Singular Pair Breaking in the Composite Fermi Liquid Description of the Half-Filled Landau Level

Fluctuations of the Chern-Simons gauge field in the composite Fermi liquid description of the half-filled Landau level are pair breaking in all angular momentum channels. For short-range electron-electron interactions these fluctuations are sufficiently strong to drive any T=0 pairing transition first order. For Coulomb interactions these fluctuations are weaker and a continuous transition is possible.Comment: 12 pages, 1 eps figure included (more typos corrected

Quantum Circuits for Measuring Levin-Wen Operators

We construct quantum circuits for measuring the commuting set of vertex and plaquette operators that appear in the Levin-Wen model for doubled Fibonacci anyons. Such measurements can be viewed as syndrome measurements for the quantum error-correcting code defined by the ground states of this model (the Fibonacci code). We quantify the complexity of these circuits with gate counts using different universal gate sets and find these measurements become significantly easier to perform if n-qubit Toffoli gates with n = 3,4 and 5 can be carried out directly. In addition to measurement circuits, we construct simplified quantum circuits requiring only a few qubits that can be used to verify that certain self-consistency conditions, including the pentagon equation, are satisfied by the Fibonacci code.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures; published versio

Scaling of transition temerature and CuO_2 plane buckling in the cuprate superconductors

Recently it is seen\cite{Nature},that both $\rm{T}_c$ and the buckling of the $CuO_2$ planes goes through a maximum at the same doping level. We show that only for optimal doping concentration the Fermi surface touches the M($0,\pi$) point in the BZ, where the matrix element for interlayer pair tunneling amplitude is largest, so that the gain in delocalization energy by tunneling(in pairs) along the $c$ axis is largest. Buckling of the planes on the other hand modulates the separation between the planes and thereby modulates the interlayer pair tunneling amplitude. That is why both $\rm{T}_c$ and buckling angle(Oxygen atom displacement out of the plane) scales the same way with doping concentration. We have calculated $\rm{T}_c$ and buckling angle for various doping concentration. The agreement with experiment is remarkably good. We also point out the possible reason for large(about 1 percent) change of the buckling mode phonon frequency, accross the transition temperature. scatteringComment: Summitted to Physics C, Journal of Superconductivity, 6 pages Tex file with 4 postscript files attache

Evolving Perspectives of Women in Intelligence: Can Women Have It All?

This thesis serves to analyze the evolution of women in the intelligence community arguing that the role of women has transformed from one of a sexual nature into one of strong leadership. Early sources portray the female spy as a sexual object using her body to covertly gather intelligence through the disguise of a stereotypical woman. Women hid behind their socially accepted roles as housewives or nurses. Using a mix of primary and secondary sources including the declassified CIA Typist to Trailblazer document collection as well as sources of spy fiction this thesis identifies the factors that inhibited the advancement of women in the intelligence community. Following the creation of the CIA women comprised eighty-six percent of the clerical work force but very few women filled professional roles. As traditional gender norms gave way to discussions of women\u27s equality new opportunities for women were created. Gender stereotypes lack of education and lack of military training had inhibited women from progressing from clerical roles to professional roles within the Agency. The 1991 Glass Ceiling Study Summary identified that the number of women in the workforce had increased to forty percent; however only nine percent of the Senior Intelligence Service were women. Systematic barriers prevented women from advancing to leadership positions. The exceptional women that first entered the intelligence community were pioneers for the subsequent generations of women. Today women are commended for their work within the intelligence community. This research has shown that the CIA once named the Old Boys\u27 Club is no longer dominated by men. Modern spy fiction has adapted to more accurately portray the female spy as a strong leader who can balance motherhood and a career. Women have forced change within the intelligence community simultaneously constructing the most diverse and vigorous intelligence communities to date. The evolution of women in intelligence has transformed the fictional portrayal of the female spy. This thesis with analyze the relationship between fact and fiction in the portrayal of women in intelligence