Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Multi-function tester

Measuring instruments are very important in electronic and electrical laboratories. More often, the VQM is readily available since it has a wide range of applications. But many VQM have the usual volt, current, resistance measuring features and diode checker. Beginners in electronic field knows that resistors and capacitors including inductors are the most popular passive elements but resistance values can easily be obtained unlike capacitance. For advanced people in electronics, an op-amp tester and transistor tester are necessary to test if their transistors and amplifiers are operational or not. It is for these reasons that the group decided to construct a multi-function tester composed of a VQM, op-amp tester and transistor tester are necessary to test if their transistors and amplifiers are operational or not.It is for these reasons that the group decided to construct a multi-function tester composed of a VQM, op-amp tester, capacitance meter and transistor tester integrated together in one light, movable, and convenient casing though constructed and installed separately. The uniqueness of this project is that the VQM is reduced into a compact size to save necessary space for the other features. The circuits are arranged in such a way as to indicate the necessary functions to be used

Adsorption and biomass concentration of thraustochytrid Schizochytrium aggregatum (Goldstein and Belsky) in Bunker C Oil

Diverse array of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and protists are involved during oil spill. Each microorganism has its own specific function whether it has to degrade or adsorb hydrocarbons. One important microorganism is the Thraustochytrid that is a fungoid protist and are common in marine and estuarine habitats. Numerous studies existed on the biodegradation and adsorption of Thraustochytrids on various substances but not on Bunker C oil. Thus, this study aimed to determine the adsorption capacity and mean biomass of Thraustochytrids in Bunker C oil using different cell densities measured in grams. All of the three treatments or cell densities (1 x 105 cells ml-1, 1 x 106 cells ml-1 and 1 x 107 cells ml-1) were triplicated and average values were recorded. Oil dispersant was used as a control. It showed that Thraustochytrid with 1 x 107 cells ml-1 showed the highest adsorbed oil (.057 ḡ) among the three cell densities and showed significant difference at p = .01 but comparable to the control (.066 ḡ). In terms of biomass concentration, all cell densities showed no significant difference at p = .01. Thraustochytrid is a promising tool during oil spill because it has the capacity to adsorb oil