Parent-Child Communication among African American Families: Does Being on the Same Page Protect Against Adolescent Sexual Risk Behavior?

African American adolescents continue to be at high risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Sexual risk reduction efforts have focused on family-level sexual health communication, although they have yielded inconsistent findings. Using dyadic data from African American parents and their children (n= 298), the present study sought to elucidate the influence of sexual health communication on adolescent sexual behavior. Findings confirmed that adolescent reports of family-level sex communication were associated with greater sexual involvement, whereas parent reports of sexual health communication showed no associations to child sexual behavior. Including parent reports of communication did not enhance predictive models of adolescent sexual behavior beyond the variance explained by adolescent report. Congruence between parent and adolescent reports of sexual health communication was only moderate in the current sample. Further, communication report congruence moderated the association between communication and adolescent sexual risk. Among participants showing high congruence, sexual health communication was positively associated with adolescent condom use. Findings suggest that relational characteristics may influence the extent to which family-level sex communication is associated with sexual risk reduction and affirm the importance of family-level research as one approach to improving sexual health among African American youth

Enhancing Male HPV Vaccine Acceptance: The Role of Altruism and Awareness of Male Specific Health Benefits

While considerable research exists on female HPV vaccine acceptance, research is needed to clarify factors that facilitate vaccine uptake among boys and men. The benefits of male HPV vaccination exist on an individual and community level. Male HPV vaccination provides personal health protection to recipients, and can provide female health protection by minimizing transmission of HPV to sexual partners. As such, male vaccine acceptance may be enhanced by emphasizing both altruistic motives (female health protection) and personal health benefits. A sample of college-age men (N = 200; M age = 19.3; 31% Non-White) completed computer-administered surveys and were presented with one of four informational interventions that varied in the inclusion or exclusion of altruistic motives and in terms of the extent to which male specific HPV-related illnesses and vaccine benefits were stressed. HPV vaccine acceptance was assessed immediately following the intervention with items assessing vaccine interest and willingness to receive it. Consistent with predictions, those who received the intervention emphasizing both altruistic motives and male specific information endorsed the greatest vaccine acceptance (M = 3.6, SD = 1.0). Additionally, perceived HPV susceptibility and stigmatization concerns toward the vaccine emerged as significant predictors of vaccine acceptance. Findings suggest that provider-based and community level interventions that stress both altruistic motives and personal health benefits of vaccination may enhance HPV vaccine uptake among young men

MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA : STUDI META-ANALISIS

ABSTRAK Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning semakin populer dalam pembelajaran fisika sejak itu mendorong siswa untuk berpikir secara terbuka, aktif, dan reflektif. Sehingga berdampak pada kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Melalui meta-analisis, penelitian ini membahas bagaimana model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan desain eksperimental dengan teknik meta-analisis. Penelitian telah dilakukan oleh mengumpulkan artikel dari Google Scholar, Scopus, dan ERIC (Education Resources Information and Center). Sebanyak 63 artikel telah diperoleh yang kemudian dipilih 16 artikel dan dianalisis melalui 5 tahap, yaitu (1) Orientasi, (2) Konseptualisasi, (3) Investigasi, (4) Pembahasan, dan (5) Kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa sebesar 0.657 dengan kategori effect size sedang. Dan berdasarkan jenjang pendidikan besar effect size pada SD (0.71), SMP (0.59) dan SMA sebesar (0.732). Berdasarkan wilayah model pembelajaran Problem Based Leaning pada pulau Jawa sebesar 0.554, pulau Sumatera sebesar 0.89 dan pulau Nusa Tenggara sebesar 0.72 serta pulau Sulawesi sebesar 0.72

Reducing Pulse Oximetry False Alarms Without Missing Life-Threatening Events

Alarm fatigue has been increasingly recognized as one of the most significant problems in the hospital environment. One of the major causes is the excessive number of false physiologic monitor alarms. An underlying problem is the inefficient traditional threshold alarm system for physiologic parameters such as low blood oxygen saturation (SpO2). In this paper, we propose a robust classification procedure based on the AdaBoost algorithm with reject option that can identify and silence false SpO2 alarms, while ensuring zero misclassified clinically significant alarms. Alarms and vital signs related to SpO2 such as heart rate and pulse rate, within monitoring interval are extracted into different numerical features for the classifier. We propose a variant of AdaBoost with reject option by allowing a third decision (i.e., reject) expressing doubt. Weighted outputs of each weak classifier are input to a softmax function optimizing to satisfy a desired false negative rate upper bound while minimizing false positive rate and indecision rate. We evaluate the proposed classifier using a dataset collected from 100 hospitalized children at Children\u27s Hospital of Philadelphia and show that the classifier can silence 23.12% of false SpO2 alarms without missing any clinically significant alarms

Eliminating Monitor Overuse (EMO) Type III Effectiveness-Deimplementation Cluster-Randomized Trial: Statistical Analysis Plan

Background: Deimplementing overused health interventions is essential to maximizing quality and value while minimizing harm, waste, and inefficiencies. Three national guidelines discourage continuous pulse oximetry (SpO2) monitoring in children who are not receiving supplemental oxygen, but the guideline-discordant practice remains prevalent, making it a prime target for deimplementation. This paper details the statistical analysis plan for the Eliminating Monitor Overuse (EMO) SpO2 trial, which compares the effect of two competing deimplementation strategies (unlearning only vs. unlearning plus substitution) on the sustainment of deimplementation of SpO2 monitoring in children with bronchiolitis who are in room air. Methods: The EMO Trial is a hybrid type 3 effectiveness-deimplementation trial with a longitudinal cluster-randomized design, conducted in Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings Network hospitals. The primary outcome is deimplementation sustainment, analyzed as a longitudinal difference-in-differences comparison between study arms. This analysis will use generalized hierarchical mixed-effects models for longitudinal clustering outcomes. Secondary outcomes include the length of hospital stay and oxygen supplementation duration, modeled using linear mixed-effects regressions. Using the well-established counterfactual approach, we will also perform a mediation analysis of hospital-level mechanistic measures on the association between the deimplementation strategy and the sustainment outcome. Discussion: We anticipate that the EMO Trial will advance the science of deimplementation by providing new insights into the processes, mechanisms, and likelihood of sustained practice change using rigorously designed deimplementation strategies. This pre-specified statistical analysis plan will mitigate reporting bias and support data-driven approaches