6 research outputs found
Simplest nonequilibrium phase transition into an absorbing state
We study in further detail particle models displaying a boundary-induced
absorbing state phase transition [Phys. Rev. E. {\bf 65}, 046104 (2002) and
Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 100}, 165701 (2008)] . These are one-dimensional systems
consisting of a single site (the boundary) where creation and annihilation of
particles occur and a bulk where particles move diffusively. We study different
versions of these models, and confirm that, except for one exactly solvable
bosonic variant exhibiting a discontinuous transition and trivial exponents,
all the others display non-trivial behavior, with critical exponents differing
from their mean-field values, representing a universality class. Finally, the
relation of these systems with a -dimensional non-Markovian process is
discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, minor change
Entropy estimates of small data sets
Estimating entropies from limited data series is known to be a non-trivial
task. Naive estimations are plagued with both systematic (bias) and statistical
errors. Here, we present a new 'balanced estimator' for entropy functionals
Shannon, R\'enyi and Tsallis) specially devised to provide a compromise between
low bias and small statistical errors, for short data series. This new
estimator out-performs other currently available ones when the data sets are
small and the probabilities of the possible outputs of the random variable are
not close to zero. Otherwise, other well-known estimators remain a better
choice. The potential range of applicability of this estimator is quite broad
specially for biological and digital data series.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure
Absorbing state phase transitions with a non-accessible vacuum
We analyze from the renormalization group perspective a universality class of
reaction-diffusion systems with absorbing states. It describes models where the
vacuum state is not accessible, as the set of reactions together
with creation processes of the form with . This class
includes the (exactly solvable in one-dimension) {\it reversible} model as a particular example, as well as many other {\it
non-reversible} reactions, proving that reversibility is not the main feature
of this class as previously thought. By using field theoretical techniques we
show that the critical point appears at zero creation-rate (in accordance with
exact results), and it is controlled by the well known pair-coagulation
renormalization group fixed point, with non-trivial exactly computable critical
exponents in any dimension. Finally, we report on Monte-Carlo simulations,
confirming all field theoretical predictions in one and two dimensions for
various reversible and non-reversible models.Comment: 6 pages. 3 Figures. Final version as published in J.Stat.Mec
Patchiness and Demographic Noise in Three Ecological Examples
Understanding the causes and effects of spatial aggregation is one of the
most fundamental problems in ecology. Aggregation is an emergent phenomenon
arising from the interactions between the individuals of the population, able
to sense only -at most- local densities of their cohorts. Thus, taking into
account the individual-level interactions and fluctuations is essential to
reach a correct description of the population. Classic deterministic equations
are suitable to describe some aspects of the population, but leave out features
related to the stochasticity inherent to the discreteness of the individuals.
Stochastic equations for the population do account for these
fluctuation-generated effects by means of demographic noise terms but, owing to
their complexity, they can be difficult (or, at times, impossible) to deal
with. Even when they can be written in a simple form, they are still difficult
to numerically integrate due to the presence of the "square-root" intrinsic
noise. In this paper, we discuss a simple way to add the effect of demographic
stochasticity to three classic, deterministic ecological examples where
aggregation plays an important role. We study the resulting equations using a
recently-introduced integration scheme especially devised to integrate
numerically stochastic equations with demographic noise. Aimed at scrutinizing
the ability of these stochastic examples to show aggregation, we find that the
three systems not only show patchy configurations, but also undergo a phase
transition belonging to the directed percolation universality class.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures. To appear in J. Stat. Phy
Quasi-Neutral theory of epidemic outbreaks
Some epidemics have been empirically observed to exhibit outbreaks of all
possible sizes, i.e., to be scalefree or scale-invariant. Different
explanations for this finding have been put forward; among them there is a
model for "accidental pathogens" which leads to power-law distributed outbreaks
without apparent need of parameter fine tuning. This model has been claimed to
be related to self-organized criticality, and its critical properties have been
conjectured to be related to directed percolation. Instead, we show that this
is a (quasi) neutral model, analogous to those used in Population Genetics and
Ecology, with the same critical behavior as the voter-model, i.e. the theory of
accidental pathogens is a (quasi)-neutral theory. This analogy allows us to
explain all the system phenomenology, including generic scale invariance and
the associated scaling exponents, in a parsimonious and simple way.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures Accepted for publication in PLoS ONE the text
have been modified in orden to improve the figure's resolutio