45 research outputs found
An atlas of genetic scores to predict multi-omic traits
The use of omic modalities to dissect the molecular underpinnings of common diseases and traits is becoming increasingly common. But multi-omic traits can be genetically predicted, which enables highly cost-effective and powerful analyses for studies that do not have multi-omics. Here we examine a large cohort (the INTERVAL study; n = 50,000 participants) with extensive multi-omic data for plasma proteomics (SomaScan, n = 3,175; Olink, n = 4,822), plasma metabolomics (Metabolon HD4, n = 8,153), serum metabolomics (Nightingale, n = 37,359) and whole-blood Illumina RNA sequencing (n = 4,136), and use machine learning to train genetic scores for 17,227 molecular traits, including 10,521 that reach Bonferroni-adjusted significance. We evaluate the performance of genetic scores through external validation across cohorts of individuals of European, Asian and African American ancestries. In addition, we show the utility of these multi-omic genetic scores by quantifying the genetic control of biological pathways and by generating a synthetic multi-omic dataset of the UK Biobank to identify disease associations using a phenome-wide scan. We highlight a series of biological insights with regard to genetic mechanisms in metabolism and canonical pathway associations with disease; for example, JAK-STAT signalling and coronary atherosclerosis. Finally, we develop a portal ( https://www.omicspred.org/ ) to facilitate public access to all genetic scores and validation results, as well as to serve as a platform for future extensions and enhancements of multi-omic genetic scores
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The effects of international trade on national sovereignty: the case of the Central American Common Market
textThe globalization of economic activity has caused some to declare that
national borders no longer matter and, therefore, the nation-state has become
irrelevant. Others argue that globalization has weakened the nation-state and has
made it susceptible to the economic interests that control the global economy.
Regardless, countries have become increasingly integrated into the global
economy over the past two decades; they have also organized themselves into
various regional trading blocs. This study contributes to the debate of how
globalization and regionalization have affected the sovereignty of the world’s
nation-states, by investigating the effects of the Central American Common
Market (CACM) on the national sovereignty of its member countries. To
accomplish this goal, the study employed a battery of empirical and qualitative
analyses to address three primary questions. First, does the existence of the
CACM conflict with the nation-state, resulting in the formation of a de facto,
supra-national boundary? Second, does the CACM’s legal and institutional
framework possess the strength to compete and challenge the authority of the
nation-state? And, third, does regional identity or economic integration
strengthen the CACM in its challenge of the nation state? To determine the
existence of a de facto, supra-national CACM boundary, the study employed a
gravity model to determine its existence and to measure its effect. To understand
the ability of the CACM to successfully challenge the authority of its member
states, the research included interviews of individuals working at Central
America’s multinational institutions, national governments and organizations
representing its private-sector. The findings of the empirical analyses did show,
from several geographic perspectives, a supra-national CACM boundary between
1980 and 1997. However, despite these findings, there was significant evidence
gathered during the interviewing process to question whether this border actually
exists. The Central American countries have been unwilling to give up more than
the minimal amount of national sovereignty necessary to make the CACM work.
Therefore, the findings of this research suggest that participation in the Central
American Common Market agreement has not threatened the national sovereignty
of its member nation-states.LBJ School of Public Affair
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Evaluating the Impact of Transit-Oriented Development
This report examines the impact of transit-oriented development. Transit-oriented development (TOD) is an increasingly popular urban form. Based on a survey of residents of TOD projects in areas served by Dallas Area Rapid Transit, Fort Worth T, and Capital Metro (Austin) rail transit, moving into TOD decreases VMT by an average of 15 percent, or about 3,500 miles per year, which impacts TxDOT motor fuel tax revenues. The data also indicate that these households shift their choice of route to include more arterial roads versus highways. Differential behavior is observed among the three areas studied with the greatest impact being on the DART system and the Capital Metro system showing smaller changes in TOD resident travel behaviors. Residents of TOD choose their housing based mostly on commuting distance and lifestyle characteristics, such as proximity to dining and entertainment venues. Proximity to a transit rail station is at least moderately important for 57 percent of respondents. The report recommends that TxDOT look to incorporate TOD into facility planning and design and seek ways to extract value from TOD projects