RESEARCH REAGRDING ACID SOILS IMPROVEMENT USING A WASTE FROM METALLURGY

The soil reaction value depend on the soil percentage base saturation degree and of the saturation type (predominantly with calcium or sodium). At the same time, the soil moisture regime, percolative or periodically percolative, the long application of nitrogen fertilizers, acid pollution, determine the deep leaching of bases. So, the upper part of soil suffers an acidification process especially under the conditions without liming. Generally, soil pH values less than 5,5 ensure conditions for strong solubilization of pollutants and their translocation into plants. Particular problems are raised by the very strongly and strongly acid soils (0,60% and 6,57%, respectively), some of the being specific for the mountainous pastures. In Romania are 1 867 000 ha acid agricultural land, representing over 12% from the total agricultural surface of the country. On the other hand, in Romania are produced annually from 0.18 to 0.2 million tones ladle slag (LF slag) from steel refinery, classified as a dangerous waste due to its alkalinity (alkalinity index 3.5-4.5)

Education as a Pillar of Defining Human Capital. Implications of the Academic Environment

In contemporary policy discussions on higher education, the idea that this environment is in danger of becoming isolated from the world, ignoring the wishes and needs of society at large, is a constant background. From a historical point of view, it is mostly true that the academic spectrum has been rather impermeable in both directions: the knowledge generated and transmitted within it was very little based on the outside world and less concerned with its application to the problems of the outside world. In the globalised world of the 21st century, this kind of impermeability is no longer possible. The expansion of higher education systems in all regions has brought new socio-economic groups into the educational environment, with a greater diversity of cultures, levels of academic preparation, and expectations. In order to gain a better insight into the topic, we used an examination approach by overlaying information from different sources of exploration and analyzing the level of comparability over time. This paper examined the main characteristics of education as a pillar for defining human capital and its effects on academia. The findings are explained in the conclusion section, but it is mandatory to specify one conclusion regarding the fact that the costs of academic expansion have also led to increased pressure from governments to justify state funding, a justification that is usually couched in terms of direct and measurable social and economic impact

Contribution of Rural Development to the Achievement of Sustainable Development Objectives. Empirical Evidence and Research Method in Defining and Evaluating the Extent of Rural Development

Rural development needs to be regarded as an active driver of national development in countries with large rural populations. Increasing productivity in agriculture leverages labor and resources for other sectors while sustaining food supplies for urban areas. The experience of newly industrialized and emerging industrialized countries indicates a precedent for rural development, where an increase in agricultural productivity in rural areas leads to industrial as well as general development. For a better understanding of the phenomenon, I used a research method based on overlaying data from different sources of research and comparing, eventually, the degree of similarity. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the main features of the contribution of rural development to the achievement of sustainable development objectives. The main findings of the research showed us that a combined effort is needed to harness the potential of rural populations and resources to ensure sustainable development overall and to achieve the SDGs in particular. This effort should be based on the principle of improving the lives and livelihoods of rural people and not be a technocratic exercise in economic, social, or environmental policy. Furthermore, economic instruments can also play an important role in promoting sustainable land management, but it is important to achieve growth in rural economies without sacrificing environmental sustainability. Moreover, the EU has a responsibility to promote sustainable land management. Subsidy programs could also be further developed to provide payments for ecosystem services and compensate farmers for their environmental impacts

Seven Millennia of Saltmaking. III Congreso Internacional de Antropologia de la Sal

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