1,189 research outputs found
How to prepare quantum states that follow classical paths
We present an alternative quantization procedure for the one-dimensional
non-relativistic quantum mechanics. We show that, for the case of a free
particle and a particle in a box, the complete classical and quantum
correspondence can be obtained using this formulation. The resulting wave
packets do not disperse and strongly peak on the classical paths. Moreover, for
the case of the free particle, they satisfy minimum uncertainty relation.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Europhysics Letter
Time-resolved broadband analysis of slow-light propagation and superluminal transmission of electromagnetic waves in three-dimensional photonic crystals
A time-resolved analysis of the amplitude and phase of THz pulses propagating
through three-dimensional photonic crystals is presented. Single-cycle pulses
of THz radiation allow measurements over a wide frequency range, spanning more
than an octave below, at and above the bandgap of strongly dispersive photonic
crystals. Transmission data provide evidence for slow group velocities at the
photonic band edges and for superluminal transmission at frequencies in the
gap. Our experimental results are in good agreement with
finite-difference-time-domain simulations.Comment: 7 pages, 11 figure
Enhanced fano resonance of organic material films deposited on arrays of asymmetric split-ring resonators (A-SRRs)
Depositing very thin organic films on the surface of arrays of asymmetric split-ring resonators (A-SRRs) produces a shift in their resonance spectra that can be utilized for sensitive analyte detection. Here we show that when poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) is used as an organic probe (analyte) on top of the A-SRR array, the phase and amplitude of a characteristic molecular Fano resonance associated with a carbonyl bond changes according to the spectral positions of the trapped mode resonance of the A-SRRs and their plasmonic reflection peaks. Furthermore, we localize blocks of PMMA at different locations on the A-SRR array to determine the effectiveness of detection of very small amounts of non-uniformly distributed analyte
Wigner phase space distribution as a wave function
We demonstrate that the Wigner function of a pure quantum state is a wave
function in a specially tuned Dirac bra-ket formalism and argue that the Wigner
function is in fact a probability amplitude for the quantum particle to be at a
certain point of the classical phase space. Additionally, we establish that in
the classical limit, the Wigner function transforms into a classical
Koopman-von Neumann wave function rather than into a classical probability
distribution. Since probability amplitude need not be positive, our findings
provide an alternative outlook on the Wigner function's negativity.Comment: 6 pages and 2 figure
Enhanced hydrogenation catalyst synthesized by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans exposed to a radio frequency magnetic field
EPSRC (EP/I007806/1; EP/D05768X/1), BBSRC (BB/
C516128/1), NERC (NE/L014076/1), The Royal Society
(Industrial Fellowship) and Spanish Government Sistema
Nacional de Garantia Juvenil grant PEJ-2014-P-00391.This work was supported by EPSRC (grants No EP/
I007806/1 and EP/D05768X/1), BBSRC (grant No BB/
C516128/1), NERC (grant NE/L014076/1) and by a
Royal Society Industrial Fellowship to LEM for secondment
into C-Tech Innovation Ltd., who provided the
bespoke apparatus used in this work. We acknowledge
the invaluable contributions of the late Dr Ruth Wroe of
C-Tech Innovation Ltd. into useful discussions and the
kind permission of Drs S. Megit, C. Berry and A. Morby
(University of Cardiff, UK) to show their unpublished
work in Supplementary Information. This work was partially
supported by the Spanish Government Sistema
Nacional de Garantia Juvenil Grant PEJ-2014-P- 00391
(Promocion de Empleo Joven e Implantacion de la
Garantia Juvenil 2014, MINECO) with a scholarship to
JGB. We also thank the EM Centre at U. Granada for
access to high-resolution electron microscopy (in Fig. S2
and S3). All authors declare no competing interests.Desulfovibrio desulfuricans reduces Pd(II) to Pd(0)-nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) which are catalytically active in 2-pentyne hydrogenation. To make Pd-NPs, resting cells are challenged with Pd(II) ions (uptake), followed by addition of electron donor to promote bioreduction of cell-bound Pd(II) to Pd(0) (bio-Pd). Application of radiofrequency (RF) radiation to prepared 5 wt% bio-Pd catalyst (60 W power, 60 min) increased the hydrogenation rate by 70% with no adverse impact on selectivity to cis-2-pentene. Such treatment of a 5 wt% Pd/carbon commercial catalyst did not affect the conversion rate but reduced the selectivity. Lower-dose RF radiation (2-8 W power, 20 min) was applied to the bacteria at various stages before and during synthesis of the bio-scaffolded Pd-NPs. The reaction rate (mu mol 2-pentyne converted s(-1)) was increased by similar to threefold by treatment during bacterial catalyst synthesis. Application of RF radiation (2 or 4 W power) to resting cells prior to Pd(II) exposure affected the catalyst made subsequently, increasing the reaction rate by 50% as compared to untreated cells, while nearly doubling selectivity for cis 2-pentene. The results are discussed with respect to published and related work which shows altered dispersion of the Pd-NPs made following or during RF exposure.UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)
Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/I007806/1
EP/D05768X/1UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) BB/C516128/1UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/L014076/1Royal Society of London
European CommissionSpanish Government Sistema Nacional de Garantia Juvenil grant PEJ-2014-P-0039
Towards Structure-Property-Function Relationships for Eumelanin
We discuss recent progress towards the establishment of important
structure-property-function relationships in eumelanins - key functional
bio-macromolecular systems responsible for photo-protection and immune response
in humans, and implicated in the development of melanoma skin cancer. We focus
on the link between eumelanin's secondary structure and optical properties such
as broad band UV-visible absorption and strong non-radiative relaxation; both
key features of the photo-protective function. We emphasise the insights gained
through a holistic approach combining optical spectroscopy with first
principles quantum chemical calculations, and advance the hypothesis that the
robust functionality characteristic of eumelanin is related to extreme chemical
and structural disorder at the secondary level. This inherent disorder is a low
cost natural resource, and it is interesting to speculate as to whether it may
play a role in other functional bio-macromolecular systems.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, Invited highlight article for Soft Matte
Operational Dynamic Modeling Transcending Quantum and Classical Mechanics
We introduce a general and systematic theoretical framework for Operational
Dynamic Modeling (ODM) by combining a kinematic description of a model with the
evolution of the dynamical average values. The kinematics includes the algebra
of the observables and their defined averages. The evolution of the average
values is drawn in the form of Ehrenfest-like theorems. We show that ODM is
capable of encompassing wide ranging dynamics from classical non-relativistic
mechanics to quantum field theory. The generality of ODM should provide a basis
for formulating novel theories.Comment: 23 pages and 2 figures. Sec. VII B "Phase Space Representation in
Curvilinear Coordinates" was correcte
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