Mind the Gap? : An Intensive Longitudinal Study of Between-Person and Within-Person Intention-Behavior Relations

Acknowledgments This work was supported by the University of Konstanz, Germany. The first author was supported by a fellowship of the Swiss National Science Foundation (Fellowship P2ZHP1_155103).Peer reviewedPostprin

Fluctuations in depression and well-being are associated with sexual risk episodes among HIV-positive men

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A Dyadic Perspective On Speech Accommodation and Social Connection: Both Partners\u27 Rejection Sensitivity Matters

Findings from confederate paradigms predict that mimicry is an adaptive route to social connection for rejection-sensitive individuals (Lakin, Chartrand, & Arkin, 2008). However, dyadic perspectives predict that whether mimicry leads to perceived connection depends on the rejection sensitivity (RS) of both partners in an interaction. We investigated these predictions in 50 college women who completed a dyadic cooperative task in which members were matched or mismatched in being dispositionally high or low in RS. We used a psycholinguistics paradigm to assess, through independent listeners\u27 judgments (N=162), how much interacting individuals accommodate phonetic aspects of their speech toward each other. Results confirmed predictions from confederate paradigms in matched RS dyads. However, mismatched dyads showed an asymmetry in levels of accommodation and perceived connection: Those high in RS accommodated more than their low-RS partner but emerged feeling less connected. Mediational analyses indicated that low-RS individuals\u27 nonaccommodation in mismatched dyads helped explain their high-RS partners\u27 relatively low perceived connection to them. Establishing whether mimicry is an adaptive route to social connection requires analyzing mimicry as a dyadic process influenced by the needs of each dyad member

Physical activity after cardiac rehabilitation: Explicit and implicit attitudinal components and ambivalence

Objective: Physical activity is crucial in the treatment of cardiac disease. In addition to sociocognitive theories of behavior change, attitudinal ambivalence and nonconscious factors have also been demonstrated to predict physical activity. We propose an extension to the theory of planned behavior with a dual-systems approach including explicit and implicit attitudes, and different types of attitudinal ambivalence as moderators to predict the physical activity of patients after discharge from inpatient cardiac rehabilitation. Method: The sample comprised N = 111 cardiac patients who provided daily diary reports of intention, cognitive, affective, and implicit attitudes for 21 days after discharge (86% male, Mage = 62, SDage = 11, n = 2,017 days). Daily moderate–to-vigorous (MVPA) and light (LPA) physical activity were measured using accelerometers. Five types of ambivalence were calculated. Analyses included Bayesian multilevel modeling. Results: Patients with more positive affective attitudes and more positive implicit attitudes had a higher intention. Higher ambivalence weakened the affective attitudes-intention relationship. On days with more positive implicit attitudes than usual, intention was lower, but only when ambivalence was low. Patients with higher ambivalence engaged in less MVPA. On days with extremely low ambivalence, implicit attitudes were negatively associated with tomorrow’s MVPA. Patients with more positive affective attitudes engaged in more LPA, but only when their ambivalence was very low. On days with higher ambivalence than usual, the next day’s LPA was shorter. However, another type of ambivalence showed the opposite effect. Conclusions: The results emphasize the importance of affective and implicit attitudes and ambivalence for the physical activity of cardiac patients

Initial elevation bias in subjective reports

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