SYMPHYLIDS IN ROSES OF ECUADOR

Flowers are considered the first non- traditional export product in Ecuador.Aphids and mites are the most common arthropod pests on roses.  Little is known about the effect of myriapod-like animals on rose production. Individuals with oval-shaped head, Long filiform-like antennae and 3 to 3.5 millimeters in size were detected in commercial flower greenhouses of Ecuador.  Although the incidence of the pest was very low, there was a high level of infestation in the spot of soil where the animals were detected.  More information is needed about the species of symphylids affecting rose plants in commercial greenhouses of Ecuador

VESTIBULAR SYMPTOMS IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO OCCUPATIONAL NOISE IN A MATCHES COMPANY

Objective: To determine vestibular disorders in workers of a matches company, and identify the main risks associated with the development of these symptoms. Methods: The work included two groups: the experimental constituting the workers who were exposed to chronic occupational noise, and the control group corresponding to the administrative staff which were not exposed to occupational noise. The Irvine questionnaire  developed by the by Department of Otolaryngology at the University of California, and the Dizziness Questionnaire developed by the Center for Audio and Balance from the University of Maryland were used to evaluate the prevalence of vestibular symptoms. Tone audiometric evaluations were performed to all individuals in the population.Results: In the experimental group 9.7% of the employees showed hearing loss or acoustic trauma in both ears. In the control group 5.5% of the employees showed mild hearing loss. 60 % of the employees have any symptoms associated with a vestibular disorder either by noise or exposure (experimental group) to ergonomic risk factors (administrative staff).Conclusions: The prevalence of vestibular symptoms in individuals of the experimental group could be associated with exposure to occupational noise ≥ 85 decibels (dBA). The questionnaires are important tools because they could prevent occupational hearing loss and it does not involve onerous economic cost for the company. Questionnaires could be used in any type of business from craftwork to industrial plants. Keywords: Vestibular symptoms; Noise; safety and occupational health

Effects of fungicide application timing and cultivar resistance on Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol in winter wheat

Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat. FHB reduces yield and quality and contaminates grain with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Effective management strategies are needed. The objectives of this research were to 1) Determine the effect of fungicide application timing at anthesis (the standard timing) and 6 and 12 days later on FHB and DON in the winter wheat cultivars Overley (susceptible) and Overland (moderately resistant) and 2) Compare the effects of a triazole and a strobilurin fungicide on FHB and DON in Overley and Overland. In 2015 two field trials (irrigated and rain-fed) were conducted in Nebraska, USA. The triazole Prosaro (prothioconazole + tebuconazole) and the strobilurin Headline (pyraclostrobin) were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer at anthesis and 6 and 12 days later. A split plot design in randomized complete blocks with 4 replications was used. Main plots were cultivars and subplots were fungicide treatments. FHB index and DON were significantly (P \u3c 0.05) lower in Overland than in Overley. The window of fungicide application to control FHB and DON was widened from anthesis to 6 days later without loss of efficacy. Headline was less effective than Prosaro in controlling FHB and DON. Moderate resistance combined with a triazole fungicide most effectively reduced FHB and DON. The results indicate a wider fungicide application window and the effectiveness of combining resistance with a triazole fungicide

Effects of fungicide application timing and cultivar resistance on Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol in winter wheat

Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat. FHB reduces yield and quality and contaminates grain with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Effective management strategies are needed. The objectives of this research were to 1) Determine the effect of fungicide application timing at anthesis (the standard timing) and 6 and 12 days later on FHB and DON in the winter wheat cultivars Overley (susceptible) and Overland (moderately resistant) and 2) Compare the effects of a triazole and a strobilurin fungicide on FHB and DON in Overley and Overland. In 2015 two field trials (irrigated and rain-fed) were conducted in Nebraska, USA. The triazole Prosaro (prothioconazole + tebuconazole) and the strobilurin Headline (pyraclostrobin) were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer at anthesis and 6 and 12 days later. A split plot design in randomized complete blocks with 4 replications was used. Main plots were cultivars and subplots were fungicide treatments. FHB index and DON were significantly (P \u3c 0.05) lower in Overland than in Overley. The window of fungicide application to control FHB and DON was widened from anthesis to 6 days later without loss of efficacy. Headline was less effective than Prosaro in controlling FHB and DON. Moderate resistance combined with a triazole fungicide most effectively reduced FHB and DON. The results indicate a wider fungicide application window and the effectiveness of combining resistance with a triazole fungicide