Diversité de la microflore initiale de la viande et sécurité sanitaire des consommateurs

La microflore initiale de la viande regroupe les germes survenus de l’animal vivant jusqu’à l’obtention de la carcasse c’est-à dire jusqu’à l’habillage mais avant lavage. Cet article décrit la diversité de cette microflore, les facteurs favorisant leur multiplication et leurs conséquences sur la santé des consommateurs. Les microorganismes de surface retrouvés immédiatement après abattage sur les carcasses ont été d’abord récapitulés. Les principaux indicateurs du respect des bonnes pratiques d’hygiène dans la filière viande ont été ensuite décrits, notamment, la Flore Aérobie Mésophile, Pseudomonas, les Enterobacteriaceae et E. coli. L’implication de l’activité de l’eau, de la température, du potentiel d’oxydoréduction et du pH dans le développement de la microflore initiale de la viande a été présentée. L’altération des viandes, les toxiinfections alimentaires et les conséquences technologiques issues du développement de cette microflore ont été décrites. Enfin, les caractéristiques des principaux germes pathogènes de la viande ont été décrites et les normes microbiologiques de la viande appliquées dans quelques pays ont été inventoriées.Mots clés: viande, microorganisme, altération, toxi-infection, normes

Relationships between Body Size and Testicular Morphometric Traits of Mature Rams of Djallonke and Ouda Breeds Reared in North Benin

peer reviewedThe study aims to determine the correlations between testicular and body morphometric traits of Djallonke and Ouda sheep breeds reared on natural pasture in Benin. Data were collected on 70 mature rams including 45Djallonke rams and 25Ouda rams, from January 2015 to September 2016. These data were analyzed with SAS software (2006). It appears that in Djallonke rams, apart from scrotal length, mean testes density and mean epididymal density the all other testicular morphometric parameters were strongly and positively associated with the live weight (0.45≤r≤0.90; P<0.001). The whither’s height was fairly and positively correlation with the chest circumference and the pelvis length (r=0.45 and 0.49 P<0.01), but strongly and positively associated with the scapulo-ischium length, shoulder width, scrotal length, scrotal circumference, paired testes weight, mean testes length, testes diameter, mean testes volume, paired epididymal weight, mean epididymal length and mean epididymal volume (0.55≤r≤0.71; P<0.001). Furthermore, the scrotal length was very highly and positively associated with the scrotal circumference, paired testes weight, mean testes length, testes diameter, mean testes volume, paired epididymal weight, mean epididymal length and mean epididymal volume (0.73≤r≤0.78; P<0.001). The scrotal circumference was strongly and positively associated with the paired testes weight, mean testes length, testes diameter, mean testes volume, paired epididymal weight, mean epididymal length and mean epididymal volume (0.68≤r≤0.93; P<0.001). As for Ouda sheep breed, the whither’s height was weakly and positively with pelvis length, paired testes weight, mean testes length and mean epididymal density (0.20≤ r ≤0.39; P<0.05), but strongly and positively associated with the mean epididymal length and mean epididymal volume (r=0.15 and 0.27; P<0.001). Scrotal circumference, paired testes weight, mean testes length, testes diameter, mean testes volume, paired epididymal weight, mean epididymal length and mean epididymal volume were strongly and positively associated with the scrotal length (0.66≤r≤0.74; P<0.001). Scrotal circumference was strongly and positively correlated with the paired testes weight, mean testes length, testes diameter, mean testes volume, paired epididymal weight, mean epididymal length and mean epididymal volume (0.74≤r≤0.93; P<0.001). Furthermore, the paired testes weight was strongly and positively associated with the mean testes length, testes diameter, mean testes volume, paired epididymal weight, mean epididymal length and mean epididymal volume (0.81≤r≤0.99; P<0.001). Therefore, improve body size will improve the reproductive organ traits as a correlated response

Substitution of commercial Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin (Gonaser®) by Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn leaves in rabbits breeding: impact on reproductive performance

peer reviewedThe current study aims to compare the effect of Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn and Gonaser on reproductive traits in rabbit do. Then, 60 nulliparous rabbits do and 12 males were divided into 3 lots. In lot 1, the animals hadn’t received any treatment. In lot 2, rabbits do were subjected to hormonal treatment based on subcutaneous injection of Gonaser®. In lot 3, rabbits do were subjected to the sex hormone plant (Synedrella nodiflora leaves) used as feed supplement. It appears that the highest litter size was recorded in lot 3 and lot 2 (P˂0.001) while the highest live weights at birth, at 35 days and at 56 days old were found in lot 1. The greatest average daily gain (32.1 g/day) was recorded in animals of lot 3 (P˂0.01). The fertility rate of lot 2 and lot 3 was respectively 90% and 95%, to 88% in the control lot (P˂0.001). Similarly, the highest kidding rates and the lowest stillborn rate and mortality rate from birth to weaning were recorded in the lots 2 and 3 (P˂0.001). The parturition interval was of 63 days in lot 1 to 45.72 in lot 2 and 45.74 in lot 3 (p<0.001). As found for Gonaser, the main effect of leaves of S. nodiflora is to increase litter size and to reduce kidding interval. Synedrella nodiflora leaves can therefore be used as Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin supplier in family rabbit breeding to improve reproductive parameters in rabbit does

Testicular and Body Morphometric Traits of Mature Rams of Djallonke and Ouda Breeds Reared in North Benin

The study aims to compare the testicular and body morphometric traits of Djallonke and Ouda sheep breeds reared on natural pasture in Benin. Data on testicles and body morphometric parameters were collected on 70 mature rams at 12 months of age, including 45 Djallonke rams and 25 Ouda rams, from January 2015 to September 2016. These data were analyzed with SAS software (2006). It comes out from this study that Ouda rams were significantly heavier (P0.05) for both sheep breeds. However, the Djallonke sheep had presented the lower values of shoulder width and pelvis length (19.22 cm vs 22.61cm). The scrotal length was significantly affected (P<0.01) by the sheep breed with the weakest value (13.73 cm) recorded within Djallonke sheep breed comparatively to Ouda rams (15.01 cm). In the same way, the scrotal circumference, paired testes weight, mean testes length, testes diameter and mean testes volume varied significantly (P<0.001) according to the sheep breed with the highest values observed in Ouda sheep

Evaluation de la qualité technologique et organoleptique de la viande de bovins de races Borgou, Lagunaire et Zébu Peulh, élevés sur des pâturages naturels

Objectif : La qualité de la viande prend en compte la qualité technologique, la qualité organoleptique, la qualité nutritionnelle et la qualité hygiénique. Le but de cette étude est d’évaluer les qualités technologiques et organoleptiques de la viande de bovins de races Borgou, Lagunaire et Zébu Peulh, élevés sur pâturage naturels. Méthodologie et résultat : Des données ont été collectées de février à mars 2012 sur 10 Lagunaire, 10 Borgou et 10 Zébu Peulh. Les Zébu Peulh ont une température de refroidissement supérieure aux Borgou et les Lagunaire ont les températures les plus faibles tout au long de la maturation. La viande de bovin de race Borgou a été plus claire (