Upravljanje kontrolom kvaliteta u kriminalističkim vještačenjima / Quality Control Management in Forensic Expertises

Cilj: Rad proučava savremene standarde koji obezbjeđuju efikasno i pouzdano upravljanje kontrolom kvaliteta unutar poslova vezanih za kriminalistička-forenzička vještačenja. Isti bliže obrazlaže odredbe standarda ISO 17025 i ukazuje na razloge za implementaciju istih unutar forenzičkih službi unutar BiH. Rad osvjetljava i ulogu rukovodioca kontrole kvalitetom u procesu primjene ovog standarda, odnosno na koji način navedena funkcija može biti alternativno postavljena. Dakle, glavni cilj rada je prikazati odredbe standarda ISO 17025 , mogućnosti i potrebe njegove implementacije na području funkcionisanja forenzičkih laboratorija u Bosni i Hercegovini.Metod: Metodom analize sadržaja, autori proučavaju razloge koji se nameću kao imperativ za implementaciju ISO 17025 strandarda u forenzici, konkretno upravljanjem kvaliteta u forenzičkim laboratorijama. Konsultovanjem samog sistema ISO i specifičnog standarda ISO 17025, iskustava drugih laboratorija, kao i teoretskim i praktičnim pristupima problematici kontrole upravljanja kvaliteta, sažimaju se utvrđeni rezultati i daju preporuke za postupanje u Bosni i Hercegovini.Nalazi: Treba reći da će radi valorizacije rezultata istraživanja i vještačenja forenzičkih eksperata i laboratorija, biti neophodno u skorijoj budućnosti za potrebe suda i tužilaštva imati akreditovane laboratorije prema ISO 17025 standardima.Istraživačka ograničenja: Treba istaći da se razmišljanja i zaključci izneseni u radu ne temelje pored teorijskih prosudbi i na odgovarajućem empirijskom istraživanju provedenom od strane autora koje bi ih potvrdilo ili negiralo, to se rezultati ovog rada mogu uzeti u obzir u strogo ograničenom obimu.Praktičke implikacije: Potrebe za implementacijom ISO standarda pojavljuju se sa zahtjevom za akreditaciju forenzičkih laboratorija, njihovih metoda i osoblja, kako bi u punoj mjeri u krivičnom, ali i građanskom ili parničnom postupku do punog izražaja došlo načelo objektivnosti.-------------------------------Target: This paper explores the modern standards which ensure the efficient and reliable control quality management related to forensic expertises. Paper trying to explain the norms of the ISO 17025 and indicates the reasons for their adoption from the forensic services in BiH. The paper shows the role of control quality manager in the process of applying this standard, or way how that function may be alternatively performed.Method: Trough Content analysis method, the authors study the reasons for the implementation of ISO 17025 standard in the forensics, specifically in control quality management in forensic laboratories. Analyzing the ISO system and specific standard ISO 17025, the experiences of other laboratories, as well as theoretical and practical approaches in control quality management, summarize the identified results and make recommendations for further actions in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Findings: It should be noted that in order to valorisation of research results and expertises made from forensic experts and laboratories, be necessary in the near future for the court and the prosecution have an accredited laboratory according to ISO 17025 standards.Research limitations: It should be noted that the opinions and conclusions expressed in the paper are not based on the corresponding empirical survey conducted by the authors which would be confirmed or denied, that the results of this study can be considered in strictly limited scope.Practical implications: The needs for implementation of ISO standards appear with the request for accreditation of forensic laboratories, their methods and staff, to the full extent of the criminal, but also civil or civil proceedings to the fore came the principle of objectivity

Isolated eyeball metastasis of non-seminomatous germ cell testicular tumor

Introduction. Testicular tumors most frequently metastasize to regional lymph nodes. Non-seminomatous tumor metastasis of testicle (NSGCTT) to the eyeball is rare. Case report. We presented a 24-year old man, referred to the ophthalmologist due to acute pain and abrupt loss of sight in the left eye accompanied by its enlargement. Orbital and endocranial computerized tomography (CT) was carried out, indicating the tumor in the left eye. His previous medical history provided the information that the right testicle was painlessly enlarged for 8 months. Ultrasonography showed a completely tumorously altered testis. Abdominal and chest CT failed to reveal any secondary deposits in visceral organs and lymph glands. Tumor markers (AFP - alpha-fetoproteins, beta hCG - human choronic gonadotropin beta) were elevated. Right radical orchiactomy was performed (showed NSGCTT), followed by polychemotherapy with cisplatinum 100 mg/m2, etoposide 120 mg/m2, bleomycin 15 mg/m2 (PEB ´ 4), resulting in normalization of tumor marker values and significant regression of the left eyeball. Next, the left eye enucleation and ocular prosthesis implantation was carried out. Pathohistological evaluation indicated fibrosis and necrosis only. In a 5-year follow-up period, the patient was free of recurrence. Conclusion. Isolated hematogenous metastasis of the NSGCTT to the eye is rare. In our case, the left eye was the only metastatic localization. After chemotherapy and eye enucleation the patient was in a 4- year follow-up period free of the recurrence

Electrical Conductivity of Lignocellulose Composites Loaded with Electrodeposited Copper Powders. Part II. Influence of Particle Size on Percolation Threshold

This article is concerned with synthesis and characterization of electroconductive composite materials prepared by the compression molding of mixtures of lignocellulose and electrochemically deposited copper powder under different pressures, and investigation of the influence of particle size on conductivity and percolation threshold of obtained composites. Electrodeposited copper powder content was varied from 2.0-29.8 vol%. Analysis of the most significant properties of individual components and prepared composites included structural and morphological analysis and measurements of hardness and electrical conductivity. Hardness of the investigated composites, as expected, increased with the increase of the processing pressure, as well as lowering the particle size compared to previous work. The significant increase of the electrical conductivity can be observed as the copper powder content reaches the percolation threshold. The packaging effect and more pronounced interpartical contact with smaller, highly porous, highly dendritic particles with high values of specific area lead to "movement" of percolation threshold towards lower filler content, which for the particles LT 45 mu m and highest processing pressure of 27 MPa was 7.2% (v/v). In the investigated range of electrodeposited copper powder concentrations and applied pressures the increase of the electrical conductivity of composites is as much as fourteen orders of magnitude. It was found that this transition occurs at lower volume fractions than stated in the literature which can be due to the filler with high specific area

Influence of Electrolytic Copper Powder Particle Morphology on Electrical Conductivity of Lignocellulose Composites and Formation of Conductive Pathways

Composites based on polymers with conductive fillers have been gaining more significant roles in a variety of technological domains and they are getting in the research focus of numerous studies as a part of growing research trend. Galvanostatically produced copper powder with high values of specific area was used as filler for synthesis of electroconductive composite materials prepared by the compression molding of mixtures of lignocellulose and electrochemically deposited copper powder. This article is concerned with characterization of these composites. Analysis of the most significant properties of prepared composites and its components included measurements of electrical conductivity, impedance spectroscopy (IS) behavior and structural and morphological analysis. Volume fraction of the copper powder was varied from 2.0-29.8% (v/v). The significant increase of the electrical conductivity can be observed as the copper powder content reaches the percolation threshold (PT). It was shown that PT depends on both particle shape and type of spatial distribution. IS measurements have shown that particle morphology having pronounced grain boundaries has great effect on appearance of electric conductive layers. The packaging effect and more pronounced interpartical contact with copper powder particles lead to "movement" of PT, which for the particles LT 45 mu m and highest processing pressure of 27 MPa was 7.2% (v/v). IS response of the composites showed existence of electrical conductive layers, each having different resistivity which increases towards interior of the composite

Influence of Electrolytic Copper Powder Particle Morphology on Electrical Conductivity of Lignocellulose Composites and Formation of Conductive Pathways

Composites based on polymers with conductive fillers have been gaining more significant roles in a variety of technological domains and they are getting in the research focus of numerous studies as a part of growing research trend. Galvanostatically produced copper powder with high values of specific area was used as filler for synthesis of electroconductive composite materials prepared by the compression molding of mixtures of lignocellulose and electrochemically deposited copper powder. This article is concerned with characterization of these composites. Analysis of the most significant properties of prepared composites and its components included measurements of electrical conductivity, impedance spectroscopy (IS) behavior and structural and morphological analysis. Volume fraction of the copper powder was varied from 2.0-29.8% (v/v). The significant increase of the electrical conductivity can be observed as the copper powder content reaches the percolation threshold (PT). It was shown that PT depends on both particle shape and type of spatial distribution. IS measurements have shown that particle morphology having pronounced grain boundaries has great effect on appearance of electric conductive layers. The packaging effect and more pronounced interpartical contact with copper powder particles lead to "movement" of PT, which for the particles LT 45 mu m and highest processing pressure of 27 MPa was 7.2% (v/v). IS response of the composites showed existence of electrical conductive layers, each having different resistivity which increases towards interior of the composite

Electrical Conductivity of Lignocellulose Composites Loaded with Electrodeposited Copper Powders. Part II. Influence of Particle Size on Percolation Threshold

This article is concerned with synthesis and characterization of electroconductive composite materials prepared by the compression molding of mixtures of lignocellulose and electrochemically deposited copper powder under different pressures, and investigation of the influence of particle size on conductivity and percolation threshold of obtained composites. Electrodeposited copper powder content was varied from 2.0-29.8 vol%. Analysis of the most significant properties of individual components and prepared composites included structural and morphological analysis and measurements of hardness and electrical conductivity. Hardness of the investigated composites, as expected, increased with the increase of the processing pressure, as well as lowering the particle size compared to previous work. The significant increase of the electrical conductivity can be observed as the copper powder content reaches the percolation threshold. The packaging effect and more pronounced interpartical contact with smaller, highly porous, highly dendritic particles with high values of specific area lead to "movement" of percolation threshold towards lower filler content, which for the particles LT 45 mu m and highest processing pressure of 27 MPa was 7.2% (v/v). In the investigated range of electrodeposited copper powder concentrations and applied pressures the increase of the electrical conductivity of composites is as much as fourteen orders of magnitude. It was found that this transition occurs at lower volume fractions than stated in the literature which can be due to the filler with high specific area

Electrical conductivity of PMMA composites filled with copper powder

Ovaj članak se bavi sintezom i karakterizacijom elektroprovodnih kompozitnih materijala toplim moldovanjem mešavina polimetilmetakrilata (PMMA) i elektrohemijski dobijenog bakarnog praha, kao i ispitivanjem uticaja morfologije čestica na provodnost i perkolacioni prag dobijenih kompozita i termijske karakteristike dobijenih kompozita. Udeo elektrohemijski dobijenog bakarnog praha je variran od 0.5 – 8.8 vol%. Analiza najznačajnijih osobina kako pojedinačnih komponenti tako i dobijenih kompozita je uključivala strukturnu analizu i merenja električne provodljivosti. Značajan porast električne provodljivosti može se primetiti kad sadržaj bakarnog praha u kompozitima dostigne perkolacioni prag što je iznosilo na 2.98 vol%. U ispitivanom opsegu koncentracija elektrohemijski dobijenog bakarnog praha u kompozitima i pritiscima prerade porast električne provodljivosti je iznosio čak šesnaest redova veličine. Primećeno je da se ovaj prelaz javlja pri nižim vrednostima udela punioca nego što je navedeno u literaturi, što može biti posledica upotrebe punioca sa velikim vrednostima specifične površine.This article is concerned with synthesis and characterization of electroconductive composite materials prepared by hot molding of mixtures of PMMA and electrochemically deposited copper powder and investigation of the influence of particle morphology on conductivity and percolation threshold of obtained composites and thermal characteristics. Electrodeposited copper powder content was varied from 0.5-8.8 vol%. Analysis of the most significant properties of individual components and prepared composites included structural analysis and measurements of electrical conductivity. The significant increase of the electrical conductivity can be observed as the copper powder content reaches the percolation threshold at 2.98 vol%. In the investigated range of electrodeposited copper powder concentrations and applied pressures the increase of the electrical conductivity of composites is as much as sixteen orders of magnitude. It was found that this transition occurs at lower volume fractions than stated in the literature which can be due to the filler with high specific area

The Polymorphisms of Genes Encoding Catalytic Antioxidant Proteins Modulate the Susceptibility and Progression of Testicular Germ Cell Tumor

The simultaneous analysis of redox biomarkers and polymorphisms encoding for regulatory and catalytic antioxidant proteins was performed in order to evaluate their potential role in the development of testicular germ cell tumor (GCT), as well as the progression of the disease. NRF2 (rs6721961), GSTM3 (rs1332018), SOD2 (rs4880) and GPX3 (rs8177412) polymorphisms were assessed in 88 patients with testicular GCT (52 with seminoma) and 88 age-matched controls. The plasma levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), thiol groups and the plasma activity of glutathione peroxidase were measured. A significant association between variant GPX3*TC+CC genotype and risk of overall testicular GCT, as well as seminoma development, was found. Moreover, carriers of variant SOD2*TT genotype were at almost 3-fold increased risk of seminoma development. Interestingly, combined SOD2*TT/GPX3*TC+CC genotype conferred a 7-fold higher risk for testicular GCT development. Finally, variant GSTM3*AC+CC genotype was associated with a higher risk for the development of advanced diseased. The presence of assessed genetic variants was not associated with significantly higher levels of redox biomarkers in both testicular GCT patients, as well as in those diagnosed with seminoma. In conclusion, the polymorphic expression of certain antioxidant enzymes might affect susceptibility toward testicular GCT development, as well as the progression of the disease

Understanding the Male Perspective: Evaluating Quality of Life and Psychological Distress in Serbian Men Undergoing Infertility Treatment

The experience of an infertility diagnosis and treatment imposes a profound burden on affected individuals, encompassing not only physical and medical aspects but also a plethora of psychological, social, and emotional factors. By employing a multimodal assessment featuring validated self-report questionnaires, physical measurements, and clinical records, the present study aimed to explore the quality of life and psycho-emotional distress of men undergoing infertility treatment in Serbia, thereby addressing the dearth of research on the underrepresented male perspective in this domain. Findings revealed diverse semen abnormalities among participants (n = 96, average age 37.69 ± 5.72), with significant associations between longer treatment durations and reduced sperm motility. The observed rates of men surpassing predetermined DASS-42 questionnaire thresholds for depression, anxiety, and stress in the analyzed cohort were 13.54%, 11.46%, and 22.92%, respectively. Summary scores in conceptual areas comprised in the SF-36 questionnaire ranged from 49.00 ± 6.25 for the mental health dimension to 90.16 ± 17.75 obtained in the physical functioning subscale. Patients with a longer treatment duration demonstrated lower scores in the role emotional domain, indicative of a less favorable emotional state. Expectedly, inverse correlations were found between the SF-36 mental health score and DASS-42 subscales. By addressing the existing knowledge gap and highlighting the unique needs of infertile men, the finding of this study may contribute to a more inclusive and holistic approach to infertility research and management

Interplay between Comprehensive Inflammation Indices and Redox Biomarkers in Testicular Germ-Cell Tumors

Sustained and dysregulated inflammation, concurrent tumor-induced immune suppression, and oxidative stress are profoundly involved in cancer initiation, presentation, and perpetuation. Within this prospective study, we simultaneously analyzed the preoperative indices of systemic inflammatory response and the representative byproducts of oxidative DNA, protein, and lipid damage with the aim of evaluating their clinical relevance among patients diagnosed with testicular germ-cell tumors (GCT). In the analytical cohort (n = 88, median age 34 years), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly altered in patients with a higher tumor stage (p < 0.05). Highly suggestive correlations were found between NLR, dNLR, and SII and modified nucleoside 8-OHdG. CRP and albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) significantly correlated with thiols group level and maximal tumor dimension (p < 0.05). Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, all the evaluated pre-orchiectomy inflammation markers demonstrated strong performance in predicting metastatic disease; optimal cut-off points were determined for each indicator. Although further large-scale studies are warranted, inflammatory and redox indices may both complement the established tumor markers and standard clinicopathological prognostic variables and contribute to enhanced personalized risk-assessment among testicular GCT patients