FLOCK-REPROD non hormonal insemination protocols for goats

Projekt je razvio inovativna rješenja za proizvodnju hormone free kozjeg mlijeka tijekom cijele godine. FLOCK-REPROD (Hormone free non-seasonal or seasonal goat reproduction for a sustainable European goat-milk market), uz potporu 7. okvirnog programa, iznosi nehormonska rješenja koja omogućuju kontrolu sezonosti uz primjenu umjetnog osjemenjivanja (UO). Na taj način FLOCK-REPROD pomaže uzgajivačima proizvesti više mlijeka i osigurava alternativni put koji je u skladu sa zakonskom regulativom EU koja ograničava uporabu hormona. Razvijeni su novi progestagen free UO protokoli (PG1, PG1, HF) koji uključuju postupke temeljene na učinku mužjaka i svjetlosnim režimima u svrhu indukcije i sinkronizacije ovulacije tijekom cijele godine. PG1 i PG2 temelje se na jednoj ili dvije injekcije prostaglandina (nisu podvrgnute rezidualnim ograničenjima). HF protokol je hormone free te može biti primijenjen i na organskim uzgojima. Novi protokoli UO testirani su u terenskim uvjetima. Najbolji su rezultati dobiveni s HF (58 % gravidnosti, slično klasičnom hormonskom protokolu HT), a zatim s PG2 (54 %) te PG1 (45 %). Osnovni problem za implementaciju protokola PG1 i HF jest visoka varijabilnost plodnosti među farmama. Novi protokoli UO manje su učinkoviti glede utrošenih radnih sati i ulaznih troškova u usporedbi s HT. PG1 je protokol koji zahtijeva najveći utrošak vremena, a nakon njega to su HF i PG2. HF se pokazao najskupljim protokolom, dok je PG2 jeftiniji od PG1. Veći radni angažman i viši troškovi koje stvaraju novi UO protokoli nastaju najviše zbog potrebe za dodatnim brojem jarčeva nužnih za provođenje utjecaja mužjaka (veći troškovi hranidbe, utrošak vremena za baratanje mužjacima).The project has developed innovative solutions for the production of hormone-free goat milk throughout the year. FLOCK-REPROD (“Hormone-free non-seasonal or seasonal goat reproduction for a sustainable European goat-milk market”), supported by the 7th Framework Programme, created non-hormonal solutions that enable seasonal control of reproduction, which include the use of artificial insemination (AI). In this way, FLOCK-REPROD helps farmers to produce more milk and provides an alternative in line with the EU legislation which restricts the use of hormones. New “progestagen free” AI protocols (PG1, PG2, HF) have been developed, which include protocols based on the male effect and light treatment in order to provide induction and synchronization of blokiovulation throughout the year. PG1 and PG2 are based on one or two injections of prostaglandins (not subject to residual restrictions so far). The HF protocol is hormone-free and can be applied even in organic farming systems. New AI protocols have been tested in field conditions. The best results were obtained with HF (58% pregnancy, similar to classical hormonal protocol HT results), and then with PG2 (54%) and PG1 (45%). The main problem for the implementation of protocols PG1 and HF is the high variability of fertility between goat farms. New AI protocols are less effective with regard to working hours and input costs compared with HT protocols. PG1 is a protocol that requires the greatest working hour input, followed by the HF and PG2 protocols. HF has proven to be the most expensive protocol, while the PG 2 is cheaper than the PG1 protocol. The greater work engagement and higher input costs created by new AI protocols arise mainly due to the need for additional bucks to perform the male effect (higher feeding costs, more time spent in handling males)

Problèmes de reproduction en espèce caprine

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FERTICAP : une équipe au service de la reproduction caprine

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Profils de sécrétion d'AMH et valeur prédictive de la fertilité chez la chevrette

National audienceChez la chevrette, les taux de fertilité après insémination sont très variables et généralement faibles (43.7% en moyenne sur les essais INRA SEIA de Leboeuf et al, 1992 ; n= 1012). Pour être mises à la reproduction, elles doivent remplir 2 critères zootechniques : être âgées de plus de 5 mois et peser plus de 32kg. Il n’existe à l’heure actuelle aucun marqueur de la précocité sexuelle chez la chevrette. L’Hormone Anti-Müllerienne (AMH), produite par les cellules de granulosa des follicules antraux et pré-antraux est utilisée en médecine humaine comme indicateur de la réserve ovarienne. Chez la chèvre, l’AMH est un marqueur endocrine prédicteur de la réponse à un traitement de superovulation et du potentiel de production d’embryons (Monniaux, 2011). L’objectif de ce travail est le suivi des variations de sécrétion d’AMH de la naissance jusqu’à la première reproduction chez la chevrette. Les valeurs d’AMH à âge-type seront mises en parallèle avec les résultats de fertilité à la première mise à la reproduction

Biomarkers of tumor invasiveness in proteomics (Review)

International audienceOver the past two decades, quantitative proteomics has emerged as an important tool for deciphering the complex molecular events involved in cancers. The number of references involving studies on the cancer metastatic process has doubled since 2010, while the last 5 years have seen the development of novel technologies combining deep proteome coverage capabilities with quantitative consistency and accuracy. To highlight key findings within this huge amount of information, the present review identified a list of tumor inva-sive biomarkers based on both the literature and data collected on a biocollection of experimental cell lines, tumor models of increasing invasiveness and tumor samples from patients with colorectal or breast cancer. Crossing these different data sources led to 76 proteins of interest out of 1,245 mentioned in the literature. Information on these proteins can potentially be translated into clinical prospects, since they represent potential targets for the development and evaluation of innovative therapies , alone or in combination. Herein, a systematical review of the biology of each of these proteins, including their specific subcellular/extracellular or multiple localizations is presented. Finally, as an important advantage of quantitative proteomics is the ability to provide data on all these molecules simultaneously in cell pellets, body fluids or paraffin-embedded sections of tumors/invaded tissues, the significance of some of their interconnections is discussed

Amh secretion kinetic in doe kid

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Proteomes of Residual Tumors in Curcumin-Treated Rats Reveal Changes in Microenvironment/Malignant Cell Crosstalk in a Highly Invasive Model of Mesothelioma

International audienceCurcumin exhibits both immunomodulatory properties and anticarcinogenic effects which have been investigated in different experimental tumor models and cancer types. Its interactions with multiple signaling pathways have been documented through proteomic studies on malignant cells in culture; however, in vivo approaches are scarce. In this study, we used a rat model of highly invasive peritoneal mesothelioma to analyze the residual tumor proteomes of curcumin-treated rats in comparison with untreated tumor-bearing rats (G1) and provide insights into the modifications in the tumor microenvironment/malignant cell crosstalk. The cross-comparing analyses of the histological sections of residual tumors from two groups of rats given curcumin twice on days 21 and 26 after the tumor challenge (G2) or four times on days 7, 9, 11 and 14 (G3), in comparison with G1, identified a common increase in caveolin-1 which linked with significant abundance changes affecting 115 other proteins. The comparison of G3 vs. G2 revealed additional features for 65 main proteins, including an increase in histidine-rich glycoprotein and highly significant abundance changes for 22 other proteins regulating the tumor microenvironment, linked with the presence of numerous activated T cells. These results highlight new features in the multiple actions of curcumin on tumor microenvironment components and cancer cell invasiveness

Curcuminoids as Modulators of EMT in Invasive Cancers: A Review of Molecular Targets With the Contribution of Malignant Mesothelioma Studies

International audienceCurcuminoids, which include natural acyclic diarylheptanoids and the synthetic analogs of curcumin, have considerable potential for fighting against all the characteristics of invasive cancers. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process for embryonic morphogenesis, however, the last decade has confirmed it orchestrates many features of cancer invasiveness, such as tumor cell stemness, metabolic rewiring, and drug resistance. A wealth of studies has revealed EMT in cancer is in fact driven by an increasing number of parameters, and thus understanding its complexity has now become a cornerstone for defining future therapeutic strategies dealing with cancer progression and metastasis. A specificity of curcuminoids is their ability to target multiple molecular targets, modulate several signaling pathways, modify tumor microenvironments and enhance the host's immune response. Although the effects of curcumin on these various parameters have been the subject of many reviews, the role of curcuminoids against EMT in the context of cancer have never been reviewed so far. This review first provides an updated overview of all EMT drivers, including signaling pathways, transcription factors, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and tumor microenvironment components, with a special focus on the most recent findings. Secondly, for each of these drivers the effects of curcumin/curcuminoids on specific molecular targets are analyzed. Finally, we address some common findings observed between data reported in the literature and the results of investigations we conducted on experimental malignant mesothelioma, a model of invasive cancer representing a useful tool for studies on EMT and cancer

Le projet européen Flock-Reprod

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Genetic and non-genetic factors related to the success of artificial insemination in dairy goats

The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic and non-genetic factors influencing artificial insemination (AI) success in French dairy goats. Data analysis, on a total of 584 676 and 386 517 AI records for Alpine and Saanen breed, respectively, collected from 1992 to 2009, was conducted separately on each breed. We used a linear simple repeatability animal model which combined male and female random effect and environmental fixed effects. The most important environmental factor identified was the period within year effect due to the European heat wave of 2003. The estimated values of the annual fertility exhibited a negative trend of 1% loss of AI success per 10 years for Alpine breed only. The range of variation for the flock×within years random effect was 70% and 65% for Alpine and Saanen breeds. The negative effect on AI success of antibody production after repetitive hormonal treatment was confirmed. We observed an important positive relationship between fertility and protein yield expressed as quartile within flock×years of protein 250-day yield for female with lactation number over 1, while this trend was negative for primiparous females. We detected a negative effect of the duration of conservation of semen with a difference of about 4% of AI success between extreme values (2 to 8+ or 9+ years). Heritability estimates for male fertility were 0.0037 and 0.0043 for Alpine and Saanen breed respectively, while estimates for female fertility was 0.040 and 0.049. Repeatability estimates for males were 0.008 and 0.010 for Alpine and Saanen, respectively, and 0.097 and 0.102 for females. With such low values of heritability, selection can hardly affect fertility