Dysregulated miRNAs after COM crystals exposure.

<p>miRNA cloning studies sometimes identify two ∼22 nt sequences miRNAs which originate from the same predicted precursor. When the relative abundancies clearly indicate which is the predominantly expressed miRNA, the mature sequences are assigned names of the form miR-56 (the predominant product) and miR-56* (from the opposite arm of the precursor). So the * means the product is from the opposite arm of the precursor. (<a href="http://www.mirbase.org/help/nomenclature.shtml" target="_blank">http://www.mirbase.org/help/nomenclature.shtml</a>).</p

The genes both contained in mRNA chips and miRNAs prediction.

<p>The genes both contained in mRNA chips and miRNAs prediction.</p

Analysis of biological processes of the predicted miRNAs targets by GOstat.

<p>Analysis of biological processes of the predicted miRNAs targets by GOstat.</p

Pathway analysis of the predicted miRNAs using DAVID Bioinformatics software.

<p>Pathway analysis of the predicted miRNAs using DAVID Bioinformatics software.</p

Dysregulated mRNAs after COM crystals exposure.

<p>Dysregulated mRNAs after COM crystals exposure.</p

Cells in culture were examined by flurorescence microscopy following staining with DAPI.

<p>A Cells treated with 0(magnification, ×200).</p

qRT-PCR was performed to confirm the expression of 7 selected miRNAs of HK-2 cells induced by COM crystals.

<p>The selected miRNAs included 5 up-regulated miRNAs and 2 down-regulated miRNAs.</p

Expression profiles of 4 selected miRNAs of HK-2 cells induced by COM crystals with different time points.

<p>Expression profiles of 4 selected miRNAs of HK-2 cells induced by COM crystals with different time points.</p

LncRNAs Expression Signatures of Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Revealed by Microarray

<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an important class of pervasive genes involved in a variety of biological functions. They are aberrantly expressed in many types of cancers. In this study, we described lncRNAs profiles in 6 pairs of human renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC) and the corresponding adjacent nontumorous tissues (NT) by microarray.</p> <h3>Methodology/Principal Findings</h3><p>With abundant and varied probes accounting 33,045 LncRNAs in our microarray, the number of lncRNAs that expressed at a certain level could be detected is 17157. From the data we found there were thousands of lncRNAs that differentially expressed (≥2 fold-change) in RCCC tissues compared with NT and 916 lncRNAs differentially expressed in five or more of six RCCC samples. Compared with NT, many lncRNAs were significantly up-regulated or down-regulated in RCCC. Our data showed that down-regulated lncRNAs were more common than up-regulated ones. ENST00000456816, X91348, BC029135, NR_024418 were evaluated by qPCR in sixty-three pairs of RCCC and NT samples. The four lncRNAs were aberrantly expressed in RCCC compared with matched histologically normal renal tissues.</p> <h3>Conclusions/Significance</h3><p>Our study is the first one to determine genome-wide lncRNAs expression patterns in RCCC by microarray. The results displayed that clusters of lncRNAs were aberrantly expressed in RCCC compared with NT samples, which revealed that lncRNAs differentially expressed in tumor tissues and normal tissues may exert a partial or key role in tumor development. Taken together, this study may provide potential targets for future treatment of RCCC and novel insights into cancer biology.</p> </div

Comparison between microarray data and qPCR result.

<p>ENST00000456816, X91348, BC029135 and NR_024418 determined to be differentially expressed in RCCC samples compared with NT samples in six patients by microarray were validated by qPCR. The heights of the columns in the chart represent the log-transformed median fold changes (T/N) in expression across the six patients for each of the four lncRNAs validated; the bars represent standard errors. The validation results of the four lncRNAs indicated that the microarray data correlated well with the qPCR results.</p