F-actin distribution pattern in the nuclei of early mouse embryos.

Nuclear actin is the essential component of gene expression. Here we show that the pattern of F- actin distribution in the nuclei of early mouse embryos depends on the experimental conditions and does not represent nonspecific cell reaction for the experimental influence

Mathematical simulation and optimization of cutting modes in turning of titanium alloy workpieces

A predictive modeling technique of optimal cutting modes in machining of workpieces made of titanium alloys, different from the well-known ones, is offered. The influence of various factors on the process of cutting for the purpose of defining optimal parameters of machining in accordance with certain effectiveness criteria is examined in the present paper. Mathematical models of optimization, algorithms and computer programmes, visual graphical forms presenting dependences of effectiveness criteria on the master schedule parameters have been worked out. Verification of mathematical models in laboratory and working conditions has been carried out

MYOPATHY AS A DESTABILIZING FACTOR OF MEAT QUALITY FORMATION

This review paper is devoted to myopathy of slaughter animals and poultry, and examines a relationship between fast growth of muscle tissue in hybrid pigs, broiler chickens and turkey, and high frequency of detection of spontaneous or idiopathic myopathies. The development of myopathy reduces consumer and technological properties of meat, and leads to emergence of different pathological conditions (PSE or RSE meat, «destructured meat», «white» or «green» meat, punctate hemorrhage, «wooden breast» and others). Two types of myopathic conditions are examined: myopathies caused by stress in animals and nutritional myopathies, which contribution to meat quality deterioration seems to be determinative. It is shown that the basis of the mechanism of the myopathy development is the mechanism of the successive changes in muscle tissue: damage of cell membranes and release of mitochondrial calcium, which causes hypercontraction, dystrophic changes, atrophy and necrosis of muscle fibers. To alleviate the damaging effect of two types of myopathies, different substances-adaptogens (selenium, vitamin E, flavonoids and others) can be used. It is stated that the requirements of animals in adaptogens change with an increase in the indicators of their productivity.This review paper is devoted to myopathy of slaughter animals and poultry, and examines a relationship between fast growth of muscle tissue in hybrid pigs, broiler chickens and turkey, and high frequency of detection of spontaneous or idiopathic myopathies. The development of myopathy reduces consumer and technological properties of meat, and leads to emergence of different pathological conditions (PSE or RSE meat, «destructured meat», «white» or «green» meat, punctate hemorrhage, «wooden breast» and others). Two types of myopathic conditions are examined: myopathies caused by stress in animals and nutritional myopathies, which contribution to meat quality deterioration seems to be determinative. It is shown that the basis of the mechanism of the myopathy development is the mechanism of the successive changes in muscle tissue: damage of cell membranes and release of mitochondrial calcium, which causes hypercontraction, dystrophic changes, atrophy and necrosis of muscle fibers. To alleviate the damaging effect of two types of myopathies, different substances-adaptogens (selenium, vitamin E, flavonoids and others) can be used. It is stated that the requirements of animals in adaptogens change with an increase in the indicators of their productivity

ASSESSING EFFICIENCY OF THE CONIFEROUS ENERGY SUPPLEMENT IN THE DIET OF DAIRY COWS FOR MAINTAINING PRODUCTIVE HEALTH

  Objective: This study was aimed at assessing efficiency of the original coniferous energy supplement in the diet of cows at the end of the dry period - beginning of lactation - for improving the energy density of diets, enriching them with vitamins and major and minor nutrient elements, improving milk productivity, and maintaining productive health.Methods: The scientific-production experiment was performed on the basis of the Lukoshkino†unit of the Klenovo-Chegodaevo†research farm (Moscow) on twenty cows. The preparation was fed at the rate of 150 g for 20 days before calving and for 30 days after calving.Results: Studies have found the positive effect of the preparation on the average daily milk yield, natural fat content increased by 5.4%-6.9% (with butterfat percentage increased by 0.09%), and reduced cost of feed per unit of obtained product.Conclusion: The use of the preparation promoted enzymatic processes in the rumen, had positive effect on the carbohydrate-lipid and protein metabolism, and had no negative effect on the non-specific resistance of cows

Peculiarities of the molecular composition of heterochromatin associated with pronucleoli in mouse embryos

The nucleus of pre-implantation mammalian embryos is characterized by peculiar structural organization. At the initial stages of cleavage, the nucleus of the embryo contains the so-called nucleolus precursor bodies (NPBs) or pronucleoli rather than functionally active nucleoli. The NPBs are fibrillar electron-dense structures inactive in RNA synthesis. The vast majority of NPBs are surrounded by a ring-shaped zone of transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin. Intriguingly, these zones contain not only tri-methylated histone Н3K9me3 as an epigenetic mark of repressed chromatin but also acetylated histone H4K5ac, a well-known marker of active chromatin. Immunocytochemical data suggest that the molecular composition of this ‘ring heterochromatin’ in mouse embryos changes during the realization of embryonic genome activation events, as well as during artificial suppression of transcription. In zygotes, some factors of mRNA biogenesis including splicing factor SC35 (SRSF2) and basal transcription factor TFIID are detectable in the ring chromatin. At later stages of development, other nuclear proteins such as Y14, a core component of the exon-exon junction complex (EJC), as well as the proteins involved in chromatin remodeling (ATRX, Daxx) are also detectable in this area. A typical component of the ‘ring heterochromatin’ is actin. Anti-actin immunocytochemical labeling is most expressed at the two-cell cleavage stage after activation of the embryonic genome. Indicatively, the molecular composition of the ‘ring heterochromatin’ associated with different NPBs may differ significantly even in the same nucleus. This seems to reflect the functional heterogeneity of morphologically similar NPBs according to their competence to the process of nucleologenesis. Here, we discuss briefly some peculiarities of the molecular composition and possible functions of the NPB-associated heterochromatin in mouse early embryos

Expression of psychological distress on Instagram using hashtags in Russian and English : a comparative analysis

People have been using images to express ideas, share stories, and communicate since early history. The advent of social media has made sharing images an important part of everyday life. Among other things, social networks can be used to express psychological distress; however, research on this topic is limited. The goal of this study was to explore representations of psychological distress in the Russian-speaking segment of Instagram. The study involved contrasting images labeled with hashtags in Russian with images marked by analogous Anglophone hashtags in a data set of 1,512 images. Quantitative content analysis revealed significant differences between images labeled with Russian and Anglophone hashtags. Images containing depictions of texts were significantly less frequent among images with Russian hashtags, while inanimate object depictions were more prevalent. Hashtags for fear in both languages were related not to psychological distress but to the “scary” in popular culture. Images of alcohol were associated with stress hashtags in both languages and with hashtag for depression in Russian only. Images of food were significantly more prevalent among images with Russian hashtag for stress. Current study highlights the need for culturally and linguistically appropriate online mental health interventions.peer-reviewe

Comparison of the blood parameters with the chemical composition of the muscle tissue of meat-and-egg chicken

Basic blood and muscle tissue parameters have been analyzed in crossbred male Russian White and Cornish hens (♂, RW x CORN, n=95, slaughtered at 63 days of age). According to BW at slaughter, males (n=95) were divided into 3 groups (group 1–1,000–1,799 g, n=31; group 2–1,800–2,099 g, n=28; group 3–2,100–2,650 g, n=36). It has been found that with an increase in the live weight at slaughter, the ratio of albumin to globulin (p=0.038), aspartate aminotransferase (p=0.003) increased in the serum of birds; the levels of globulins (p=0.05), glucose (p=0.02), Ca (p=0.006), Mg (p=0.05) decreased. With increasing BW, the crude protein content in thigh muscle decreased (p=0.019) against a trend towards increasing moisture content in thigh meat (p=0.058). Comparative assessment of biochemical blood parameters of nitrogen, carbohydrate-lipid, mineral metabolism, antioxidant protection parameters, some clinical blood parameters (hematocrit, erythrocytes and hemoglobin) and chemical composition of the breast and thigh muscle tissue has been carried out. The analysis (Pearson correlation coefficients) has revealed patterns between the concentration of some blood metabolites and the composition of muscle tissue in males. Thus, the accumulation and analysis of data on resource genetic populations is of interest for science and practice in order to establish relationships between blood parameters and the quality of chicken products, as well as to identify biomarkers for predicting poultry productivity in vivo

Mathematical simulation and optimization of cutting mode in turning of workpieces made of nickel-based heat-resistant alloy

A predictive simulation technique of optimal cutting modes in turning of workpieces made of nickelbased heat-resistant alloys, different from the wellknown ones, is proposed. The impact of various factors on the cutting process with the purpose of determining optimal parameters of machining in concordance with certain effectiveness criteria is analyzed in the paper. Mathematical model of optimization, algorithms and computer programmes, visual graphical forms reflecting dependences of the effectiveness criteria- productivity, net cost, and tool life on parameters of the technological process have been worked out

COVID-19 vaccination attitudes across the European continent

This study was conducted to determine the predictors of COVID-19 vaccination attitudes across multiple waves in seven countries geographically spread across the European continent, using data from a COVID-19 survey provided by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology COVID-19. Facebook users from across the globe participated in this survey which collected information on their knowledge of COVID-19, attitudes towards risk and available information, and their willingness or lack thereof to take the vaccine. In this secondary data analysis study, neural networks were used with special attention given to the importance of the predictors of COVID-19 vaccination attitudes. Perception of social norms regarding COVID-19 vaccination was found to be the most important predictor of vaccine acceptance. Country of residence and wave of data collection were among the important predictors, with different patterns for each country emerging across different waves. Other strong predictors included attitudes towards masks and mask wearing; attitudes towards the influenza vaccine; distrust in government health authorities and scientists; and level of knowledge of existing treatments for COVID-19. The results of this study can inform effective public health prevention and intervention efforts against infectious diseases.peer-reviewe