70 research outputs found
Protein digestion in the stomachs and intestines of the cow.
Two cows, with fistulae in the rumen, proximal duodenum and distal ileum, were given diets varying in protein quality and quantity. Daily N intake/cow ranged from 149 to 330 g with lysine contents of 2.7 to 5.7 g/16 g N. The ammonia N constituted 2 to 9% of the N in duodenal contents and less than 2% of the N in the feedstuff, ileal contents and faeces. The proportion of alpha -amino N in non-ammonia N was greater in duodenal contents than in ileal contents and in faeces. The disappearance of non-ammonia N and alpha -amino N from the small intestine with different diets averaged 65% and 70% of the amounts in duodenal contents. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission
The evolution of the Sun's birth cluster and the search for the solar siblings with Gaia
We use self-consistent numerical simulations of the evolution and disruption
of the Sun's birth cluster in the Milky Way potential to investigate the
present-day phase space distribution of the Sun's siblings. The simulations
include the gravitational N-body forces within the cluster and the effects of
stellar evolution on the cluster population. In addition the gravitational
forces due to the Milky Way potential are accounted for in a self-consistent
manner. Our aim is to understand how the astrometric and radial velocity data
from the Gaia mission can be used to pre-select solar sibling candidates. We
vary the initial conditions of the Sun's birth cluster, as well as the
parameters of the Galactic potential. We show that the disruption time-scales
of the cluster are insensitive to the details of the non-axisymmetric
components of the Milky Way model and we make predictions, averaged over the
different simulated possibilities, about the number of solar siblings that
should appear in surveys such as Gaia or GALAH. We find a large variety of
present-day phase space distributions of solar siblings, which depend on the
cluster initial conditions and the Milky Way model parameters. We show that
nevertheless robust predictions can be made about the location of the solar
siblings in the space of parallaxes (), proper motions () and
radial velocities (). By calculating the ratio of the number of
simulated solar siblings to that of the number of stars in a model Galactic
disk, we find that this ratio is above 0.5 in the region given by: mas, masyr, and kms. Selecting stars from this region should increase the probability
of success in identifying solar siblings through follow up observations
[Abridged].Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
The Pairing Mechanism in HTSC investigated by Electronic Raman Scattering
By means of electronic Raman scattering we investigated the symmetry of the
energy gap Delta(k), its temperature dependence and its variation with doping
of well characterized Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta single crystals. The oxygen content
delta was varied between the under- and the overdoped regime by subsequently
annealing the same single crystal in Ar and O2, respectively. The symmetry
analysis of the polarized electronic Raman scattering is consistent with a
d_x^2-y^2-wave symmetry of the energy gap in both regimes. The gap ratio
2Delta_max/k_BT_c and its temperature dependence changes with doping similar to
predictions of theories based on paramagnon coupling.Comment: 3 pages, LaTeX, 2 ps figures available on request to
[email protected]
Stirred, not shaken: Star cluster survival in the slingshot scenario
We investigate the effects of an oscillating gas filament on the dynamics of
its embedded stellar clusters. Motivated by recent observational constraints,
we model the host gas filament as a cylindrically symmetrical potential, and
the star cluster as a Plummer sphere. In the model, the motion of the filament
will produce star ejections from the cluster, leaving star cluster remnants
that can be classified into four categories: a) Filament Associated clusters,
which retain most of their particles (stars) inside the cluster and inside the
filament; b) destroyed clusters, where almost no stars are left inside the
filament, and there is no surviving bound cluster; c) ejected clusters, that
leave almost no particles in the filament, since the cluster leaves the gas
filament; and d) transition clusters, corresponding to those clusters that
remain in the filament, but that lose a significant fraction of particles due
to ejections induced by filament oscillation. Our numerical investigation
predicts that the Orion Nebula Cluster is in the process of being ejected,
after which it will most likely disperse into the field. This scenario is
consistent with observations which indicate that the Orion Nebula Cluster is
expanding, and somewhat displaced from the Integral Shaped Filament ridgeline.Comment: 13 pages, 17 figure
Symmetry dependence of phonon lineshapes in superconductors with anisotropic gaps
The temperature dependence below of the lineshape of optical phonons
of different symmetry as seen in Raman scattering is investigated for
superconductors with anisotropic energy gaps. It is shown that the symmetry of
the electron-phonon vertex produces non-trivial couplings to an anisotropic
energy gap which leads to unique changes in the phonon lineshape for phonons of
different symmetry. The phonon lineshape is calculated in detail for
and phonons in a superconductor with pairing
symmetry. The role of satellite peaks generated by the electron-phonon coupling
are also addressed. The theory accounts for the substantial phonon narrowing of
the phonon, while narrowing of the phonon which is
indistinguishable from the normal state is shown, in agreement with recent
measurements on BSCCO.Comment: 15 pages (3 Figures available upon request), Revtex, 1
Formation of SMBH seeds in Pop III star clusters through collisions : the importance of mass loss
Runaway collisions in dense clusters may lead to the formation of
supermassive black hole (SMBH) seeds, and this process can be further enhanced
by accretion, as recent models of SMBH seed formation in Population III star
clusters have shown. This may explain the presence of supermassive black holes
already at high redshift, . However, in this context, mass loss during
collisions was not considered and could play an important role for the
formation of the SMBH seed. Here, we study the effect of mass loss, due to
collisions of protostars, in the formation and evolution of a massive object in
a dense primordial cluster. We consider both constant mass loss fractions as
well as analytic models based on the stellar structure of the collision
components. Our calculations indicate that mass loss can significantly affect
the final mass of the possible SMBH seed. Considering a constant mass loss of
5% for every collision, we can lose between 60-80% of the total mass that is
obtained if mass loss were not considered. Using instead analytical
prescriptions for mass loss, the mass of the final object is reduced by 15-40%,
depending on the accretion model for the cluster we study. Altogether, we
obtain masses of the order of , which are still massive enough
to be SMBH seeds.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted by MNRA
C-axis electronic Raman scattering in Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+\delta}
We report a c-axis-polarized electronic Raman scattering study of
Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+\delta} single crystals. In the normal state, a resonant
electronic continuum extends to 1.5 eV and gains significant intensity as the
incoming photon energy increases. In the superconducting state, a coherence
2\Delta peak appears around 50 meV, with a suppression of the scattering
intensity at frequencies below the peak position. The peak energy, which is
higher than that seen with in-plane polarizations, signifies distinctly
different dynamics of quasiparticle excitations created with out-of-plane
polarization.Comment: 12 pages, REVTEX, 3 postscript figure
Stellar collisions in flattened and rotating Pop. III star clusters
Fragmentation often occurs in disk-like structures, both in the early
Universe and in the context of present-day star formation. Supermassive black
holes (SMBHs) are astrophysical objects whose origin is not well understood;
they weigh millions of solar masses and reside in the centers of galaxies. An
important formation scenario for SMBHs is based on collisions and mergers of
stars in a massive cluster, in which the most massive star moves to the center
of the cluster due to dynamical friction. This increases the rate of collisions
and mergers since massive stars have larger collisional cross sections. This
can lead to runaway growth of a very massive star which may collapse to become
an intermediate-mass black hole. Here we investigate the dynamical evolution of
Miyamoto-Nagai models that allow us to describe dense stellar clusters,
including flattening and different degrees of rotation. We find that the
collisions in these clusters depend mostly on the number of stars and the
initial stellar radii for a given radial size of the cluster. By comparison,
rotation seems to affect the collision rate by at most . For flatness, we
compared spherical models with systems that have a scale height of about
of their radial extent, in this case finding a change in the collision rate of
less than . Overall, we conclude that the parameters only have a minor
effect on the number of collisions. Our results also suggest that rotation
helps to retain more stars in the system, reducing the number of escapers by a
factor of depending on the model and the specific realization. After two
million years, a typical lifetime of a very massive star, we find that about
collisions occur in typical models with ,
and a half-mass radius of , leading to a mass of about
for the most massive object.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
- …