28 research outputs found
Conserved and Exapted Functions of Nuclear Receptors in Animal Development
The nuclear receptor gene family includes 18 members that are broadly conserved among multiple disparate animal phyla, indicating that they trace their evolutionary origins to the time at which animal life arose. Typical nuclear receptors contain two major domains: a DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal domain that may bind a lipophilic hormone. Many of these nuclear receptors play varied roles in animal development, including coordination of life cycle events and cellular differentiation. The well-studied genetic model systems of Drosophila, C. elegans, and mouse permit an evaluation of the extent to which nuclear receptor function in development is conserved or exapted (repurposed) over animal evolution. While there are some specific examples of conserved functions and pathways, there are many clear examples of exaptation. Overall, the evolutionary theme of exaptation appears to be favored over strict functional conservation. Despite strong conservation of DNA-binding domain sequences and activity, the nuclear receptors prove to be highly-flexible regulators of animal development
Electrodiagnostic tests are unlikely to change management in those with a known cause of typical distal symmetric polyneuropathy
Comparison of Interpolation Methods in the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome is based on clinical symptoms, examination findings, and electrodiagnostic studies. For carpal tunnel syndrome, the most useful of these are nerve conduction studies. However, nerve conduction studie can result in ambiguous or false-negative results, particularly for mild carpal tunnel syndrome. Increasing the number of nerve conduction studie tests improves accuracy but also increases time, cost, and discomfort. To improve accuracy without additional testing, the terminal latency index and residual latency are additional calculations that can be performed using the minimum number of tests. Recently, the median sensory-ulnar motor latency difference was devised as another way to improve diagnostic accuracy for mild carpal tunnel syndrome
Comparison of Interpolation Methods in the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Background: Diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome is based on clinical
symptoms, examination findings, and electrodiagnostic studies. For
carpal tunnel syndrome, the most useful of these are nerve conduction
studies. However, nerve conduction studie can result in ambiguous or
false-negative results, particularly for mild carpal tunnel syndrome.
Increasing the number of nerve conduction studie tests improves accuracy
but also increases time, cost, and discomfort. To improve accuracy
without additional testing, the terminal latency index and residual
latency are additional calculations that can be performed using the
minimum number of tests. Recently, the median sensory-ulnar motor
latency difference was devised as another way to improve diagnostic
accuracy for mild carpal tunnel syndrome.
Aims: The median sensory-ulnar motor latency difference, terminal
latency index, and residual latency were compared for diagnostic
accuracy according to severity of carpal tunnel syndrome.
Study Design: Diagnostic accuracy study.
Methods: A total of 657 subjects were retrospectively enrolled. The
carpal tunnel syndrome group consisted of 546 subjects with carpal
tunnel syndrome according to nerve conduction studie (all severities).
The control group consisted of 121 subjects with no hand symptoms and
normal nerve conduction studie. All statistical analyses were performed
using SAS v9.4. Means were compared using one-way ANOVA with the
Bonferroni adjustment. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive
value, and negative predictive value were compared, including receiver
operating characteristic curve analysis.
Results: For mild carpal tunnel syndrome. the median sensory-ulnar motor
latency difference showed higher specificity and positive predictive
value rates (0.967 and 0.957, respectively) than terminal latency index
(0.603 and 0.769, respectively) and residual latency(0.818 and 0.858,
respectively). The area under the receiver operating characteristic was
highest for the median sensory-ulnar motor latency difference (0.889),
followed by the residual latency (0.829), and lastly the terminal
latency index (0.762). Differences were statistically significant
(median sensory-ulnar motor latency difference being the most accurate).
For moderate carpal tunnel syndrome, sensitivity and specificity rates
of residual latency (0.989 and 1.000) and terminal latency index (0.983
and 0.975) were higher than those for median sensory-ulnar motor latency
difference (0.866 and 0.958). Differences in area under the receiver
operating characteristic curve were not significantly significant, but
median sensory-ulnar motor latency difference sensitivity was lower. For
severe carpal tunnel syndrome, residual latency yielded 1.000
sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive
value and area beneath the receiver operating characteristic curve.
Differences in area under the receiver operating characteristic curve
were not significantly different.
Conclusion: The median sensory-ulnar motor latency difference is the
best calculated parameter for diagnosing mild carpal tunnel syndrome. It
requires only a simple calculation and no additional testing. Residual
latency and the terminal latency index are also useful in diagnosing
mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome
Fibrin Glue Neurorrhaphy Acutely Blocks Distal Muscle Contraction After Confirmed PEG Nerve Fusion: An In Vivo Rat Study
Can studies of the second lumbrical interossei and its premotor potential reduce the number of tests for carpal tunnel syndrome?
10.1002/mus.20850Muscle and Nerve364491-49