Advanced Removal of Dyes with Tuning Carbon/TiO2 Composite Properties

This study evaluates the removal of several dyes with different charge properties, i.e., anionic (Acid Red 88), cationic (Basic Red 13), and neutral (Basic Red 5) using transition metal-doped TiO2 supported on a high-surface-area activated carbon. Experimental results confirm the successful deposition of TiO2 and the derivatives (Zr-, Cu-, and Ce-doped samples) on the surface of the activated carbon material and the development of extended heterojunctions with improved electronic properties. Incorporating a small percentage of dopants significantly improves the adsorption properties of the composites towards the three dyes evaluated, preferentially for sample AC/TiO2_Zr. Similarly, the photodegradation efficiency highly depends on the nature of the composite evaluated and the characteristics of the dye. Sample AC/TiO2_Zr demonstrates the best overall removal efficiency for Acid Red 88 and Basic Red 5—83% and 63%, respectively. This promising performance must simultaneously be attributed to a dual mechanism, i.e., adsorption and photodegradation. Notably, the AC/TiO2_Ce outperformed the other catalysts in eliminating Basic Red 13 (74%/6 h). A possible Acid Red 88 degradation mechanism using AC/TiO2_Zr was proposed. This study shows that the removal efficiency of AC/TiO2 composites strongly depends on both the material and pollutant.This research was supported by Štefan Schwarz Postdoc Fellowship No. 2022/OV1/010, the Marie Curie Programme H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016-NANOMED No. 734641, and APVV-19-0302 projects. J.S.-A. acknowledges financial support from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and EU NextGeneration/PRTR (Project PCI2020-111968/ERANET-M/3D-Photocat), MCIN (Project PID2019-108453GB-C21), and Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital, Generalitat Valenciana (Project CIPROM/2021/022)

Reconfiguring Private and Public: State, Capital and New Housing Developments in Berlin and Budapest

This article explores how new planned housing developments have contributed to the restructuring of public and private space in contemporary Berlin and Budapest, two cities whose globalisation was complicated by major political and economic transformation during the past two decades. It draws on and extends research on gated communities to develop a relational approach that more adequately captures international variations of this housing form and the interplay of public and private space, actors and strategies, a new configuration of which defines the latest wave of these developments. Through this perspective, it is demonstrated how and why planned housing developments in Berlin and Budapest are different from the cases most frequently discussed in the gated community literature, and also from each other. The comparative case study highlights how housing offers an excellent research site to grasp the reconfiguration of the state and the complexity of private and public at the local level.

Ni\u3csup\u3e2+\u3c/sup\u3e, a new inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium transport

1. The effect of Ni2+ on respiration, volume changes and Ca2+ movements was investigated in rat liver mitochondria. 2. Ni2+ inhibited Ca2+ uptake into respiring mitochondria, Ca2+-stimulated respiration and swelling in Ca2+ salts, whereas it did not inhibit either state 4 and NDP-stimulated respiration, or swelling in K+ salt in the presence of valinomycin. 3. The inhibitory concentration of Ni2+ depended strongly on the applied Ca2+ concentration. As revealed by direct methods, 50% inhibition of Ca2+ influx was achieved by approx. 2-fold excess of Ni2+. 4. If added to Ca2+-loaded mitochondria, Ni2+ gave rise to slow Ca2+ release and inhibited uncoupler-induced efflux slightly. 5. It is concluded that Ni2+ is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport. Ca2+ influx is far more sensitive to inhibition than Ca2+ efflux. © 1981

Use of Biological Additives with Grass Containing Medium and High Levels of WSC for Effective Conservation and Aerobic Stability

The objective of the trials was to determine the effect of two silage inoculant strains Lactobacillus buchneri and Propionibacteria acidipropionici on grass containing medium and high levels of WSC for fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of silages. The basic raw materials originated from second growth cut grasses from 2 different plots of the farm: 1st.grass components were a mixture of grass- and leguminous species, contained medium 1.5-3.0% WSC/FM. The 2nd grass components was mainly grass species; with high>3% WSC/FM content. We stored the filled micro (4.2 litre) containers on ambient temperature. It was proven that both inoculant strains significantly decreased lactic acid content (P240 hours was the Lactobacillus buchneri treated silages originated from medium WSC/FM grass. The main advantage of treatment of L. buchneri on grass compared to P. acidipropionici is the longer aerobic stability of silage (P<0.001). There was no significant differences among the microbiological profile neither of treated nor of control silages