UJI EFEK ANALGETIK EKSTRAK RUMPUT TEKI (CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L.) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (RATTUS NOVERGICUS)

Pain is defined as a sensory and emotional experience that is not associated with tissuedamage. Nut grass (Cyperus rotundus L.) is traditionally used as a pain reliever. Theobjectives of this research were to find out analgesic effect of nut grass extract withconcentration 3,15 g/KgBB, 6,3 g/KgBB and 12,6 g/KgBB on white male wistar. The subjectin this research were 15 white male wistar which divided into 5 groups, each group consist of3 white male wistar. Negative control group were administered with aquadest, positivecontrol group were administered with paracetamol, and experiment groups were administeredwith nut grass extract. Analgesic test were examined by giving pain stimulation to treatedanimals, such as 65°C heat stimulation. The response which observed were rats licking feetor jumping response. The observation was conducted for 1 minute.Observations wereconducted before extract administration, then at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes afteradministered. The results shows thatnut grass extract with concentration 3,15 g/KgBB, 6,3g/KgBB and 12,6 g/KgBB possess analgesic effect on white male wistar, especiallyconcentration 6,3 g/KgBB.Keywords: analgesic, nut grass extract, pai

UJI EFEK HEPATOPROTEKTOR EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BENALU LANGSAT (Dendrophthoe petandra (L.) Miq.) terhadap KADAR MALONDIALDEHID (MDA) pada HATI TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR yang DIINDUKSI KARBON TETRAKLORIDA (CCl4)

ABSTRACTLeaves of Langsat parasite (Dendrophthoe petandra (L.) Miq.) contains flavonoids. Theobjective of this research was to examine hepatoprotector effect of leave extract from langsatparasite on white male rats induced with CCl4. Treatment was conducted for 8 days to 13 rats,which group I (P1) were administered with EDBL 35mg/KgBB,group II (P2) wereadministered with EDBL 70mg/KgBB,group III (K+) were administered withCurcuma81mg/KgBB orally. Group IV (K-) and V (KP) were administered with aquadestad libitum.At 8th day, all groups except (KP) were induced with CCl4 1mL/KgBB intraperitoneally.Eighteen hours after inducing time, all rats in every group were sacrafied to take its liver.Rats liver were analyzed using TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Subtance) method tocalculate MDA (Malondialdehid) level that were the end product of lipid peroxidation in ratsliver.MDA content of P1 were 2,715μM, P2 were 2,080μM, K+ were 1,708μM, and K- were3,413μM. Data analysis using SPSS ver.20 by One-Way ANOVA and Duncan Multiple RangeTest.Keywords : leave of Langsat parasite, hepatoprotector effect,CCl4, MD

UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KUCAI (Allium tuberosum) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus)

ABSTRACTKucai (Allium tuberosum) leaves contain metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, tannis which are potential sources to be developed as medical plants. Flavonoid is a derivative pf a phenol that has an analgesic properties. This study aims to determine whether there is an analgesic effect on the ethanol extract of kucai leaves. This study uses a laboratory experimental research design using wistar strain male white rats as an experiment animal. The ethanol extract of kucai leaves are given with different doses, group 1 doses 3,6 mg, group 2 doses 7,2 mg and group 3 doses 14,4 mg. Stimulation method in rats was carried out by using a 55°C hot plate. Rats was observed before and after giving test material at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes respectively and observed their responses by the form of licking legs and jumping. From the result of data in the form of tables and charts show that the ethanol extract of kucai leaves with doses 3,6 mg, 7,2 mg, and 14,4 mg has analgesic effect. It can be concluded that the best analgesic effect of doses is doses 14,4 mg.Keyword : Analgesic, kucai, male white ratsABSTRAK Daun Kucai (Allium tuberosum) memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit seperti alkaloid, saponin, tanin, dan flavonoid yang merupakan sumber potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai tanaman obat. Flavonoid merupakan turunan senyawa fenol yang memiliki sifat analgetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya efek analgesik dari ekstrak etanol daun kucai. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Penelitian eksperimental laboratorium menggunakan tikus putih jantan galur wistar sebagai hewan percobaan. Ekstrak etanol daun kucai diberikan dengan dosis yang berbeda-beda yaitu kelompok perlakuan 1 dengan dosis 3,6 mg, perlakuan 2 dengan dosis 7,2 mg, perlakuan 3 dengan dosis 14,4 mg. Metode rangsangan pada tikus dilakukan dengan menggunakan hot plate dengan suhu 550C. Tikus di amati sebelum dan setelah pemberian bahan uji, menit ke 30, 60, 90, dan 120. Respon tikus yang diamati berupa menjilat kaki dan melompat. Dari hasil analisis data dalam bentuk tabel, grafik dan diagram menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kucai dengan dosis 3,6 mg, 7,2 mg, dan 14,4 mg memiliki efek analgesik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dosis yang memiliki efek analgesik terbaik ialah dosis 14,4 mg.Kata kunci: Analgesik, kucai, tikus putih janta

UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK RIMPANG LENGKUAS PUTIH (Alpinia galanga L. Swartz) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Klebsiella pneumoniae ISOLAT SPUTUM PADA PENDERITA PNEUMONIA RESISTEN ANTIBIOTIK SEFTRIAKSON

ABSTRACT             White galangal rhizome (Alpinia galanga L. Swartz) is one of the plants which has the antibacterial properties from the zingiberaceae family. Empirically it can treat various diseases such as chest pain, throat inflammation, stomach inflammation, rheumatism, diabetes and skin diseases. White galangal rhizome contains flavonoids, tannins, quinones and terpenoids. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of white galangal rhizome extract (Alpinia galanga L. Swartz) and test its inhibition against the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria which are resistant to ceftriaxone antibiotics. The white galangal rhizome was extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent and antibacterial activity was tested using the disc and well method with a concentration difference of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 12.5%. The results showed that white galangal rhizome extract (Alpinia galanga L. Swartz) had antibacterial activity against the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae and could inhibit the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria. On the disc method for concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 12.5%, the inhibitors were categorized as medium. Whereas in the well method for concentrations of 100% and 75%, the inhibitors were categorized as strong, for concentrations of 50%, 25%, and 12.5%, which have a medium category.Keywords: White Galangal Rhizome (Alpinia galanga L. Swartz), Klebsiella pneumoniae ABSTRAK Rimpang Lengkuas putih (Alpinia galanga L. Swartz) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki khasiat sebagai antibakteri dari family zingiberaceae. Secara empiris dapat mengobati berbagai penyakit seperti nyeri dada, radang tenggorokkan, radang lambung, rematik, diabetes dan penyakit kulit. Rimpang Lengkuas putih mengandung senyawa flavonoid, tanin, kuinon dan terpenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak rimpang Lengkuas putih (Alpinia galanga L. Swartz) dan menguji daya hambatnya terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri klebsiella pneumoniae yang resisten terhadap antibiotik seftriakson. Rimpang Lengkuas putih diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dan dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dengan menggunakan metode cakram dan sumuran dengan perbedaan konsentrasi 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% dan 12,5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak rimpang Lengkuas putih (Alpinia galanga L. Swartz)  memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Klebsiella pneumoniae dan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pada metode cakram untuk konsentrasi 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% dan 12,5% memiliki daya hambat yang dikategorikan sedang. Sedangkan pada metode sumuran untuk konsentrasi 100% dan 75%  memiliki daya hambat yang dikategorikan kuat, untuk kosentrasi 50%, 25%, dan 12,5% memiliki daya hambat yang dikategorikan sedang.Kata Kunci: Rimpang lengkuas putih (Alpinia galanga L. Swartz), Klebsiella pneumonia

SKRINING FITOKIMIA, UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN, DAN TOKSISITAS DARI EKSTRAK DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) DENGAN METODE 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dan Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)

ABSTRACTKersen (Muntingia calabura L.) is a plant that has begun to be eliminated and was rarely used because it is often considered to have no economic value and lack of knowledge about its utilization, whereas kersen plants contain flavonoids, saponins, and tannins which were have high benefit for health. The content of metabolites is affected by soil nutrient elements and difference place of growth. This study aims to determine the potential of kersen leaves grown in North Minahasa based on phytochemical content, ability of antioxidant activity, and toxicity. Kersen leaves were extracted using sequential maceration method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as solvents. Phytochemical Screening using several reagents which tailored to the type of phytochemical test. 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method is used to evaluate antioxidant activity, and Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method is used to evaluate toxicity. The result of this study indicate that the n-hexane extract contains phenols, flavonoids, and tannins, with IC50 value 12.54 μg/mL, and LC50 value 881 μg/mL. Ethyl acetate extract contains phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, with IC50 value 61.3 μg/mL, and LC50 value 1758 μg/mL. Ethanol extract has phenol, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and terpenoid content, with IC50 value 9.01 μg/mL, and LC50 value 106 μg/mL. Keywords : Kersen leaves, Antioxidant, Toxicity, IC50, LC50 ABSTRAKKersen (Muntingia calabura L.) merupakan tanaman yang sudah mulai tersingkirkan dan jarang dimanfaatkan karena sering dianggap tidak punya nilai ekonomis dan kurangnya pengetahuan tentang pemanfaatannya, padahal tanaman kersen memiliki kandungan flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin yang bermanfaat tinggi untuk kesehatan. Kandungan senyawa metabolit dipengaruhi oleh unsur hara tanah dan perbedaan tempat tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dari daun kersen yang tumbuh di Minahasa Utara berdasarkan kandungan fitokimia, kemampuan aktivitas antioksidan, dan toksisitasnya. Ekstrak daun kersen diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi sekuensial menggunakan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat, dan etanol.  Skrining fitokimia menggunakan beberapa reagen yang disesuaikan dengan jenis uji fitokimia. Metode 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan, dan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi toksisitas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksan memiliki kandungan fenol, flavonoid, dan tanin, nilai IC50 12,54 μg/mL, dan nilai LC50 881 μg/mL. Ekstrak etil asetat memiliki kandungan fenol, flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin, nilai IC50 61,3 μg/mL, dan nilai LC50 1758 μg/mL. Ekstrak etanol memiliki kandungan fenol, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan terpenoid, nilai IC50 9,01 μg/mL, dan nilai LC50 106 μg/mL. Kata kunci : Daun Kersen, Antioksidan, Toksisitas, IC50, LC5

UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH SALAK (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus L.) YANG DIINDUKSI SUKROSA

This study aimed at finding out the effectivity of Salacca (Salacca zalacca [Gaertn]Voss) rind extract on blood sugar decrease of white male wistar (Rattus norvegicus L.)induced with sucrose. Completely randomized design method was used in this experiment.The subject of the experiment were 15 white male wistar which were divided into 3 (three)groups namely negative control group, treatment group with the dose of 150 mg extract/kgbody weight, and positive control group using glibenclamide 0.45 mg/kg body weight. Dataobtained from the examination of the fasting blood sugar were 30 minutes after inductionwith sucrose and at minute 15, 30, 60, and 120 after treatment was given. The data isprocessed using ANOVA and LSD test to compare between the negative control group,treatment, and a positive control. The analysis revealed a significant difference betweennegative control and treatment, negative control and positive control, but did not show asignificant difference between treatment groups with the positive control. The conclusion ofthis study is Salacca rind extract has an effect on blood sugar levels decrease of white malewistar induced with sucrose.Keywords: Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss, Salacca rind extract, blood sugar level, sucros

Variasi Basis Salep Minyak Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana) dan Uji Daya Penyembuhannya Pada Luka Kelinci

Candlenut plant in Indonesia is still limited to traditional uses such as cooking spices and traditional medicines. Only a few research has been done on Candlenut oil. The purpose of this study is to make ointment base variations toward the quality of Candlenutoil ointment with 12.5% concentration andits healing potential teston open wounds in rabbits infected with the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research method is a laboratory experiment using 3 variations of base ointment namely hydrocarbon base, absorption base and water soluble base with Candlenut oil test solution of 12.5%. The results showed the quality test of the ointment with three variations of ointment base fulfilled the requirements of organoleptic test, homogeneity test, and pH test, but Candlenutoil ointment of 12.5% with hydrocarbon base did not meet the scattering power requirement. The results of the ANOVA test showed no significant difference between the base variations of the ointment and the size of wound healing. This shows that the three variations of the 12.5% Candlenut oil ointment base can be used in healing open wounds on rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) infected with the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.Kemiri di Indonesia masih terbatas penggunaannyasecara tradisional seperti bumbu masak dan obat tradisional. Penelitian tentang minyak Kemiri belum banyak dilakukan.Tujuan penelitian ini ialah membuat variasi Basis Salep terhadap mutu sediaan salep minyak Kemiri 12,5% dan Uji daya penyembuhannya terhadap luka terbuka pada kelinci yang terinfeksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Metode penelitian ini ialah eksperimen laboratorium menggunakan 3 variasi basis salep yaitu basis hidrokarbon, basis absorpsi dan basis larut air dengan larutan uji minyak Kemiri 12,5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan uji mutu salep dengan tiga variasi basis salep memenuhi syarat uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, dan uji pH, tetapi Salep minyak Kemiri 12,5% dengan basis hidrokarbon tidak memenuhi syarat daya sebar. Hasil uji Anova menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara variasi basis salep dan besar luka penyembuhan. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa ketiga variasi basis salep minyak Kemiri 12,5% dapat digunakan dalam penyembuhan luka terbuka pada kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus) yang terinfeksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) SEBAGAI ANTIHIPERGLIKEMIA TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus)

ABSTRACTHyperglicemia is condition where blood sugar levels surge or excessive, which will eventually become a disease called Diabetes Mellitus (DM). One of the plants that can be used for antidiabetic activity or to repair pancreatic β cells is jarak pagar. The study conducted using 15 rats induced with 3 mL of 60% glucosa. Animals then divided into 5 groups, Metformin(10.557 mg), Na-CMC, 125 mg/kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW and 375 mg/kg BW of ethanol extract of jarak pagar leaves. The results showed the percentage value of decrease in blood sugar D1 (19.46%), D2 (15.91%), D3 (53.17%) and the positive group (Metformin) (10.24%). Conclusion: the extract group dose 375 mg/kgBW can reduce blood sugar levels better that the group given extracts dose D1 and D2.  Keywords: Jarak Pagar Leaves (Jatropha curcas L.), Ethanol Extract, Antihyperglycemia, Diabetes.  ABSTRAKHiperglikemia adalah keadaan dimana kadar gula darah melebihi nilai normal dan merupakan salah satu indikasi pada penyakit Diabetes Melitus. Salah satu tumbuhan yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk aktifitas antidiabetes atau memperbaiki sel β pankreas adalah jarak  pagar. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak etanol daun jarak pagar dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah tikus putih jantan. Penelitian menggunakan hewan uji sebanyak 15 ekor untuk diinduksikan dengan glukosa 60% sebanyak 3 mL/ekor. Hewan uji kemudian dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, kelompok positif, kelompok negatif, dosis 125 mg/kgBB, dosis 250 mg/kgBB, dan dosis 375 mg/kgBB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai persentase penurunan gula darah D1 (19.46%), D2 (15.91%), D3 (53.17%) dan kelompok positif (Metformin) (10.24%). Kesimpulan: kelompok ekstrak dosis 375 mg/kgBB dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah lebih baik dibandingkan kelompok yang diberikan ekstrak dosis D1 dan D2. Kata kunci :    Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) , Ekstrak Etanol, Antihiperglikemia, Diabetes.         Â

UJI EFEK ANALGETIK EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG JAHE PUTIH (Zingiber officinale Rosc.var. Amarum) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus)

ABSTRACTWhite Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale Rosc.var. Amarum) contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, there are also several compounds such as gingerol, shogaol, and zhigeron which provide anti-inflamatory, antioxidant, analgesic, anticarsinogenic and cardiotonic effects. This study aims to determine the analgesic effect of ethanol extracts of white ginger rhizome with different doses, namely the treatment group 1, dose 0.006 g, the Treatment  Group 2, dose 0.012 g and the Treatment Group 3, dose 0.024 g tested on white male wistar strain rats. This study uses a laboratory experimental research design using male white rats as experimental animals. The result of the study using LSD showed a difference between the group of negative control and the group of positive control, and also the treatment group with extracts with significance value (0.014, 0.008, 0.012 and 0.005 ) the value <0.05, which indicates that according to the hypothesis namely rejecting H0 and accepting H1, which means significantly different between the negative control group with  positive control group and the treatment group with extracts, but there is no difference between the positive control group and the treatment group with extract which means there is no difference because they both have analgesic effects. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the ethanol extracts of white ginger rhizome at a dose 0.006 g, 0.012 g, and 0.024 g has analgesic effects in male white wistar strain rats can be seen from the decreasing number of rat responses (licks and jumps).Keywords: Analgesic, anova, White Ginger Rhizome, White male wistar strain ABSTRAKRimpang Jahe putih (Zingiber officinale Rosc.var amarum ) mengandung metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid juga terdapat beberapa senyawa seperti gingerol, shogaol, dan zingeron yang memberikan efek antiinflamasi, antioksidan, analgetik, antikarsinogenik dan kardiotonik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya efek analgetik dari ekstrak etanol rimpang jahe putih dengan dosis yang berbeda-beda yaitu Kelompok Perlakuan 1 dosis 0,006 g, kelompok Perlakuan 2 dosis 0,012 g dan Kelompok Perlakuan 3 dosis 0,024 g yang diuji pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan menggunakan tikus putih jantan sebagai hewan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menggunakan LSD menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antara kelompok kontrol negatif dengan kelompok kontrol positif, dan juga kelompok perlakuan dengan ekstrak dengan nilai signifikansi (0,014, 0,008, 0,012 dan 0,005) nilai tersebut <0,05 yang menandakan bahwa sesuai hipotesis yaitu menolak H0 dan menerima H1 yang berarti berbeda secara signifikan antara kelompok kontrol negatif dengan kontrol positif dan kelompok perlakuan dengan ekstrak,tapi tidak terdapat perbedaan antara kelompok kontrol positif dengan kelompok perlakuan dengan ekstrak yang berarti tidak memiliki perbedaan karena sama-sama memiliki efek analgetik. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol rimpang jahe putih dengan dosis 0,006 g, 0,012 g dan 0,024 g memiliki efek analgetik pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar dapat dilihat dari menurunnya jumlah respon tikus (jilatan dan lompatan).Kata kunci : Analgetik, anova, rimpang Jahe putih, tikus Putih jantan galur wista

UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) SEBAGAI ANTIDIABETES TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN

ABSTRACT Gotu Kola Leaf (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) are known to contain flavonoid compound, and flavonoid are known to decrease blood glucose level by stimulating pancreas beta cells to produce insulin. The aim of this research is to find out wether the ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) has the antidiabetic effectiveness or not. This research used Completely Randomized Design method. There were 15 rats used in this research that were split into 5 groups that is negative control (Aquadest), positive control (Metformin), and ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf with the dosage of 5.4 mg;10.8 mg;21.6 mg. The acquired data were analyzed with ANOVA test and LSD test. The analysis result showed that ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf had antidiabetic effectiveness against male white rat. Keywords:  Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, antidiabetic, Rattus norvegicus  ABSTRAK  Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) diketahui mengandung zat flavonoid, dimana flavonoid telah diketahui mempunyai kemampuan menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dengan merangsang sel beta pankreas untuk memproduksi insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol daun pegagan memiliki efekivitas antidiabetes. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Tikus yang digunakan sebanyak 15 ekor dan dibagi dalam 5 kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif (aquadest), kontrol positif (metformin), dan ekstrak etanol daun pegagan dengan dosis 5,4 mg; 10,8 mg; 21,6 mg. Data yang ada dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji ANOVA dan uji LSD. Hasil analisis menujukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun pegagan memiliki efektivitas antidiabetes terhadap tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus). Kata kunci: Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, antidiabetes, Rattus norvegicu