Shared decision-making in palliative cancer care:a life span perspective

Background: Due to complex treatment decisions, shared decision-making is advocated for in elderly cancer patients and in palliative cancer care. However, the process of (shared) decision-making is not comprehensively understood in these groups. Studies suggest age-based differences in patients’ level of preferences and actual involvement. Methods: Patients with metastatic cancers (n = 77) were included in three age groups: ‘middle aged’ (40-64 years), ‘young elderly-’ (65-74 years) and ‘old elderly’ (≥ 75 years). A cross-sectional questionnaire assessed patients’ preferences (CPS), perceived involvement (PICS), level of information (decisional conflict scale) and self-efficacy in patient-physician interaction (PEPPI), health-related quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30), loneliness and temporal perspective (TFS) as potential correlates. Findings: Χ2 testing revealed that preferences, perceived participation and degrees of concordance do not differ between age groups. A majority of patients preferred and perceived to be involved in decision-making. Nearly 20% of patients was less involved than preferred. Age related factors were not related to perceived and preferred decision-making, although ‘old elderly’ patients were less encouraged by their oncologist to talk about worries. Shared decision-making was more often perceived by women than men and was associated with higher levels of self-efficacy in communication with oncologists. Discussion: Age-related differences with regard to decision making preferences and perceived participation seemed to be cancelled out in palliative cancer care, probably due to near-to-death perception. If clinical practice aims to achieve higher concordance levels, patients’ preferences for involvement should be explicitly discussed. Increased attention to (older) patients’ psycho-social needs is suggested

Bode, C., Helmy, M., & Bertamini, M. (2017). A cross-cultural comparison for preference for symmetry: comparing British and Egyptians non-experts..

The aesthetic appeal of symmetry has been noted and discussed by artists, historians and scientists. To what extent this appeal is universal is a difficult question to answer. From a theoretical perspective, cross-cultural comparisons are important, because similarities would support the universality of the response to symmetry. Some pioneering work has focussed on comparisons between Britain and Egypt (Soueif & Eysenck, 1971, 1972), including both experts and naive subjects. These studies confirmed some degree of universal agreement in preferences for simple abstract symmetry. We revisited this comparison after almost half a century. We compared preferences of naïve students in Egypt (n = 200) and Britain (n= 200) for 6 different classes of symmetry in novel, abstract stimuli. We used three different measurements of complexity: Gif ratio, Edge length and the average cell size (average blob size, ABS). The results support Soueif & Eysenck’s findings regarding preferences for reflectional and rotational symmetry, however they also throw new light on a greater preference for simplicity in Egyptian participants already noted by Soueif & Eysenck (1971)

What clients want: a conjoint analysis of precursors to coach selection

This study investigated individuals’ preference structures for workplace coaching providers. Guided by questions about relative weightings of seven important coach(ing) characteristics (i.e., coach work experience/background/gender; coaching training; personal recommendations; client feedback; coaching cost), we carried out a conjoint analysis, using a mixed occupational sample (N = 383). In addition, we conducted linear regression analyses to determine the extent to which coaches’ perceived competence, likeability and trustworthiness might impact on individuals’ decision-making processes. Potential coachees favoured professionally trained coaches with four to ten years’ experience and a similar background to themselves, were female, and charged below average fees. Personal recommendations and existing client feedback further influenced potential consumers’ decision-making. Moreover, perceived competence was highly predictive of potential coach selection

Peridynamic Galerkin method: an attractive alternative to finite elements

This work presents a meshfree particle scheme designed for arbitrary deformations that possess the accuracy and properties of the Finite-Element-Method. The accuracy is maintained even with arbitrary particle distributions. Mesh-based methods mostly fail if requirements on the location of evaluation points are not satisfied. Hence, with this new scheme not only the range of loadings can be increased but also the pre-processing step can be facilitated compared to the FEM. The key to this new meshfree method lies in the fulfillment of essential requirements for spatial discretization schemes. The new approach is based on the correspondence theory of Peridynamics. Some modifications of this framework allows for a consistent and stable formulation. By applying the peridynamic differentiation concept, it is also shown that the equations of the correspondence theory can be derived from the weak form. Likewise, it is demonstrated that special moving least square shape functions possess the Kronecker-δ property. Thus, Dirichlet boundary conditions can be directly applied. The positive performance of this new meshfree method, especially in comparison to the Finite-Element-Method, is shown in the calculation of several test cases. In order to guarantee a fair comparison enhanced finite element formulations are also used. The test cases include the patch test, an eigenmode analysis as well as the investigation of loadings in the context of large deformations. © 2022, The Author(s)

An energy-based material model for the simulation of shape memory alloys under complex boundary value problems

Shape memory alloys are remarkable 'smart' materials used in a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from aerospace to robotics, thanks to their unique thermomechanical coupling capabilities. Given the complex properties of shape memory alloys, which are largely influenced by thermal and mechanical loads, as well as their loading history, predicting their behavior can be challenging. Consequently, there exists a pronounced demand for an efficient material model to simulate the behavior of these alloys. This paper introduces a material model rooted in Hamilton's principle. The key advantages of the presented material model encompass a more accurate depiction of the internal variable evolution and heightened robustness. As such, the proposed material model signifies an advancement in the realistic and efficient simulation of shape memory alloys