606 research outputs found

    Nonlinear stability analysis of piecewise actuated piezoelectric microstructures

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    The main objective of this research is to provide a general nonlinear model of adjustable piezoelectric microwires with the ability to tune the stability conditions. In order to increase the controllability and improve system characteristics, only a part of the substrate is electrostatically actuated and the piezoelectric voltage is also applied. The governing equation of equilibrium (EOE) is derived from the principle of minimum total potential energy. The influences of the surface layer, size dependency, piezoelectricity, and dispersion forces are also included simultaneously. To solve the nonlinear differential equation, a numerical method is implemented and the obtained results are validated with available experimental and numerical results. Afterward, a set of parametric studies is carried out to examine the coupled effects of piezo-voltage, length/position of non-actuated pieces, nonlinear curvature, and molecular forces on the microresonators. It is found that the beam deflection and the pull-in voltage have sensitive-dependence on the system behavior. Furthermore, the beam deflection can increase or decrease with consideration of different positions of non-actuated pieces. This research is expected to fill a gap in the state of the art of the piezoelectric microstructures and present relevant results that are instrumental in the investigation of advanced actuated microdevices

    Post-processing of FDM 3D-printed polylactic acid parts by laser beam cutting

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    In this paper, the post-processing of 3D-printed poly lactic acid (PLA) parts is investigated. Workpieces are manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, while they may have defects in some areas such as edges. A post-processing is introduced here for 3D-printed samples by low power CO2 laser. The thickness of the FDM samples are 3.2 mm and printed by optimum conditions. Effects of process parameters such as focal plane position (−3.2–3.2 mm), laser power (20–40 W), and laser cutting speed (1–13 mm/s) are examined based on the design of experiments (DOE). Geometrical features of the kerf; top and bottom kerf; taper; ratio of top to the bottom kerf are considered as output responses. An analysis of the experimental results by statistical software is conducted to survey the effects of process parameters and to obtain regression equations. By optimizing of the laser cutting process; an appropriate kerf quality is obtained and also optimum input parameters are suggested. Experimental verification tests show a good agreement between empirical results and statistical predictions. The best optimum sample with 1.19 mm/s cutting speed, 36.49 W power and 0.53 mm focal plane position shows excellent physical features after the laser cutting process when 276.9 μm top and 261.5 μm bottom kerf width is cut by laser

    Influence of hybridization on tensile behaviors of non-absorbable braided polymeric sutures

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    This paper aims to investigate the effects of fiber hybridization technique on the mechanical behaviors of non-absorbable braided composite sutures. Fifteen types of hybrid braided sutures (HBSs) made of polyester (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polyamide 6 (PA6) are produced and tested to measure ultimate tensile strength (UTS), maximum strain, elastic modulus, and breaking toughness. Based on the results, it is observed that the suture material plays a significant role in the tensile and mechanical performance of HBSs, and they can be tailored through the different combinations of yarns according to the required mechanical properties. Experiments exhibit occurrence positive hybrid effect in both maximum strain and elastic modulus, and negative hybrid effect in UTS. The optimal tensile performance is associated with the hybrid structure comprising 75% PA6-12.5% PET-12.5% PP. This means the ternary structure with higher PA6 content along with PP and PET, demonstrates a synergistic effect. Thus, such a ternary composite structure is very promising for the design of novel non-absorbable sutures. Due to the absence of similar results in the specialized literature, this paper is likely to advance the state-of-the-art composite non-absorbable sutures and contribute to a better understanding of the hybridization concept for optimizing composite material systems

    Shape-adaptive metastructures with variable bandgap regions by 4D printing

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    This article shows how four-dimensional (4D) printing technology can engineer adaptive metastructures that exploit resonating self-bending elements to filter vibrational and acoustic noises and change filtering ranges. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is implemented to fabricate temperature-responsive shape-memory polymer (SMP) elements with self-bending features. Experiments are conducted to reveal how the speed of the 4D printer head can affect functionally graded prestrain regime, shape recovery and self-bending characteristics of the active elements. A 3D constitutive model, along with an in-house finite element (FE) method, is developed to replicate the shape recovery and self-bending of SMP beams 4D-printed at different speeds. Furthermore, a simple approach of prestrain modeling is introduced into the commercial FE software package to simulate material tailoring and self-bending mechanism. The accuracy of the straightforward FE approach is validated against experimental observations and computational results from the in-house FE MATLAB-based code. Two periodic architected temperature-sensitive metastructures with adaptive dynamical characteristics are proposed to use bandgap engineering to forbid specific frequencies from propagating through the material. The developed computational tool is finally implemented to numerically examine how bandgap size and frequency range can be controlled and broadened. It is found out that the size and frequency range of the bandgaps are linked to changes in the geometry of self-bending elements printed at different speeds. This research is likely to advance the state-of-the-art 4D printing and unlock potentials in the design of functional metastructures for a broad range of applications in acoustic and structural engineering, including sound wave filters and waveguides

    Recent progress in extrusion 3D bioprinting of hydrogel biomaterials for tissue regeneration: a comprehensive review with a focus on advanced fabrication techniques

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    Over the last decade, 3D bioprinting has received immense attention from research communities for developing functional tissues. Thanks to the complexity of tissues, various bioprinting methods are exploited to figure out the challenges of tissue fabrication, in which hydrogels are widely adopted as a bioink in cell printing technologies based on the extrusion principle. Thus far, there is a wealth of the literature proposing the crucial parameters of extrusion-based bioprinting of hydrogel biomaterials (e.g., hydrogel properties, printing conditions, and tissue scaffold design) toward enhancing performance. Despite the growing research in this field, numerous challenges that hinder advanced applications still exist. Herein, the most recently reported hydrogel-based bioprinted scaffolds, i.e., skin, bone, cartilage, vascular, neural, and muscular (including skeletal, cardiac, and smooth), are systematically discussed with an emphasis on the advanced fabrication techniques from tissue engineering perspective. Methods covered include the multiple-dispenser, coaxial, and hybrid 3D bioprinting. The present work is a unique study to figure out the opportunities of the novel techniques to fabricate complicated constructs with structural and functional heterogeneity. Finally, the principal challenges of current studies and a vision of future research are presented
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