奥村三雄編『平家正節語彙索引―節ハカセ付語彙集成―』

Particles are the major vector for the transfer of carbon from the upper ocean to the deep sea. However, little is known about their abundance, composition and role at depths greater than 2000?m. We present the first number-size spectrum of bathy- and abyssopelagic particles to a depth of 5500?m based on surveys performed with a custom-made holographic microscope. The particle spectrum was unusual in that particles of several millimetres in length were almost 100 times more abundant than expected from the number spectrum of smaller particles, thereby meeting the definition of “dragon kings.” Marine snow particles overwhelmingly contributed to the total particle volume (95–98%). Approximately 1/3 of the particles in the dragon-king size domain contained large amounts of transparent exopolymers with little ballast, which likely either make them neutrally buoyant or cause them to sink slowly. Dragon-king particles thus provide large volumes of unique microenvironments that may help to explain discrepancies in deep-sea biogeochemical budgets

Is Japan\u27s Milk Consumption Saturated ?

Consumer\u27s decision has two stages. The first stage is whether or not to drink/eat the product. Then, the second stage is how much to dink/eat the product if they decide to drink/eat it. What factors affect the first stage decision as to whether or not to drink/eat the product? What factors affect the second stage decision as to how much to drink/eat the product? These will differ by stage and by product. Differences of affecting factors to consumer\u27s two stage decision by product could give us useful information to examine the tendency of fluid milk saturation and a possibility that decreases in fluid milk consumption could be replaced by increases in manufactured dairy products. With consumer survey data on consumption of fluid milk, yogurt drinks, and cheese in Japan, the Heckman\u27s two-step estimators of the type Ⅱ tobit model for each of the four products indicated that higher evaluation on milk utility and higher health concerns are more important determinations on how much to eat yogurt and cheese than on how much to drink fluid milk (including yogurt drinks). This would be an evidence of the fact that peaple with good images for milk are now increasing yogurt and cheese consumption instead of fluid milk, or that fluid milk consumption is replaced by yogurt and cheese. Because non-drinks of fluid milk is already only about 10%, persuading current drinkers to drink more fluid milk is important. However, our estimation results indicate that there are few factors we could use to motive them to increase fluid milk consumption because most factors are insignificant for deciding how much to drink fluid milk. This would be an evidence of saturation of fluid milk cnosumption in Japan