High-Throughput Screening of Sulfated Proteins by Using a Genome-Wide Proteome Microarray and Protein Tyrosine Sulfation System

Protein tyrosine sulfation (PTS) is a widespread posttranslational modification that induces intercellular and extracellular responses by regulating protein–protein interactions and enzymatic activity. Although PTS affects numerous physiological and pathological processes, only a small fraction of the total predicted sulfated proteins has been identified to date. Here, we localized the potential sulfation sites of Escherichia coli proteins on a proteome microarray by using a 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) synthase-coupled tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST) catalysis system that involves in situ PAPS generation and TPST catalysis. Among the 4256 E. coli K12 proteins, 875 sulfated proteins were identified using antisulfotyrosine primary and Cy3-labeled antimouse secondary antibodies. Our findings add considerably to the list of potential proteins subjected to tyrosine sulfation. Similar procedures can be applied to identify sulfated proteins in yeast and human proteome microarrays, and we expect such approaches to contribute substantially to the understanding of important human diseases

Printed Multicolor High-Contrast Electrochromic Devices

In this study, electrochemical responses of inkjet-printed multicolored electrochromic devices (ECD) were studied to evaluate the feasibility of presenting multiple colors in one ECD. Metallo-supramolecular polymers (MEPE) solutions with two primary colors were inkjet-printed on flexible electrodes. By digitally controlling print dosages of each species, the colors of the printed EC thin film patterns can be adjusted directly without premixing or synthesizing new materials. The printed EC thin films were then laminated with a solid transparent thin film electrolyte and a transparent conductive thin film to form an ECD. After applying a dc voltage, the printed ECDs exhibited great contrast with a transmittance change (Δ<i>T</i>) of 40.1% and a high coloration efficiency of 445 cm² C^–1 within a short darkening time of 2 s. The flexible ECDs also showed the same darkening time of 2 s and still had a high Δ<i>T</i> of 30.1% under bending condition. This study demonstrated the feasibility to fabricate display devices with different color setups by an all-solution process and can be further extended to other types of displays