Pregnancy outcomes.

<p>FTP: failure to progress.</p>†<p>Values are given as the mean ± standard deviation.</p>*<p>Adjusted for maternal age, presence of hypertensive disease in pregnancy, use of intravenous oxytocin or regional analgesia (logistic regression analysis).</p>§<p>Analyzed only in cases who delivered vaginally.</p

Demographics and intrapartum characteristics.

<p>ROM: rupture of membranes, BMI: body mass index.</p>†<p>Values are given as the mean ± standard deviation.</p>‡<p>Duration of 1^st stage of labor was defined as the duration of cervical dilatation from 4 cm to 10 cm; duration of 2nd stage was defined as duration between full cervical dilatation and fetal delivery; total duration of labor was defined as the sum of duration of 1^st and 2^nd stages of labor.</p

Relationship of various independent variables with the risk of cesarean section analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis with backward elimination.

<p>ROM: rupture of membranes, BMI: body mass index, NS: not significant.</p

Indications for labor induction in the study population.

<p>Indications for labor induction in the study population.</p

(a) The frequency of intra-amniotic (IA) infection and each placental inflammatory condition (i.e. placenta without inflammatory lesion, acute histologic chorioamnionitis (acute-HCA), acute-HCA but without funisitis, and acute-HCA with funisitis) according to preterm labor and intact membranes (PTL) or preterm premature rupture of membranes (preterm-PROM),(b) the frequency of IA infection according to PTL or preterm-PROM, in the context of the presence or absence of acute-HCA with or without funisitis (each and all frequency or P value is shown in graphs), and (c) the frequency of types of microorganisms isolated from amniotic fluid in patients with IA infection according to PTL or preterm-PROM, in the same context of placental inflammatory condition (i.e. placenta without inflammatory lesion, acute-HCA but without funisitis and acute-HCA with funisitis).

<p>(a) The frequency of intra-amniotic (IA) infection and each placental inflammatory condition (i.e. placenta without inflammatory lesion, acute histologic chorioamnionitis (acute-HCA), acute-HCA but without funisitis, and acute-HCA with funisitis) according to preterm labor and intact membranes (PTL) or preterm premature rupture of membranes (preterm-PROM),(b) the frequency of IA infection according to PTL or preterm-PROM, in the context of the presence or absence of acute-HCA with or without funisitis (each and all frequency or P value is shown in graphs), and (c) the frequency of types of microorganisms isolated from amniotic fluid in patients with IA infection according to PTL or preterm-PROM, in the same context of placental inflammatory condition (i.e. placenta without inflammatory lesion, acute-HCA but without funisitis and acute-HCA with funisitis).</p

Types of micro-organisms isolated from amniotic fluid in patients with intra-amniotic infection among study population.

<p>Types of micro-organisms isolated from amniotic fluid in patients with intra-amniotic infection among study population.</p

(a) AF MMP-8 concentrations and (b) umbilical cord plasma CRP concentrations at birth according to PTL or preterm-PROM in the context of placenta without inflammatory lesion (AF MMP-8: PTL, median, 9.5 ng/ml [range, 0.3–1454.5 ng/ml] vs. preterm-PROM, median, 9.1 ng/ml [range, 0.3–3222.9 ng/ml]; umbilical cord plasma CRP: PTL, median, 21.9 ng/ml [range, 0.2–2143.3 ng/ml] vs. preterm-PROM, median, 14.7 ng/ml [range, 0.3–522.7 ng/ml]; each for p = NS).

<p>(a) AF MMP-8 concentrations and (b) umbilical cord plasma CRP concentrations at birth according to PTL or preterm-PROM in the context of placenta without inflammatory lesion (AF MMP-8: PTL, median, 9.5 ng/ml [range, 0.3–1454.5 ng/ml] vs. preterm-PROM, median, 9.1 ng/ml [range, 0.3–3222.9 ng/ml]; umbilical cord plasma CRP: PTL, median, 21.9 ng/ml [range, 0.2–2143.3 ng/ml] vs. preterm-PROM, median, 14.7 ng/ml [range, 0.3–522.7 ng/ml]; each for p = NS).</p

(a) AF MMP-8 concentrations and (b) umbilical cord plasma CRP concentrations at birth according to PTL or preterm-PROM in the context of acute- HCA with funisitis (AF MMP-8: PTL, median, 675.0 ng/ml [range, 26.0–6142.6 ng/ml] vs. preterm-PROM, median, 416.8 ng/ml [range, 0.4–5019.5 ng/ml] (p<.05); umbilical cord plasma CRP: PTL, median, 969.3 ng/ml [range, 7.6–6773.1 ng/ml] vs. preterm-PROM, median, 396.9 ng/ml [range, 4.9–4885.5 ng/ml]; each for p<.05)

<p>(a) AF MMP-8 concentrations and (b) umbilical cord plasma CRP concentrations at birth according to PTL or preterm-PROM in the context of acute- HCA with funisitis (AF MMP-8: PTL, median, 675.0 ng/ml [range, 26.0–6142.6 ng/ml] vs. preterm-PROM, median, 416.8 ng/ml [range, 0.4–5019.5 ng/ml] (p<.05); umbilical cord plasma CRP: PTL, median, 969.3 ng/ml [range, 7.6–6773.1 ng/ml] vs. preterm-PROM, median, 396.9 ng/ml [range, 4.9–4885.5 ng/ml]; each for p<.05)</p

Clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes according to preterm labor and intact membranes (PTL) or preterm premature rupture of membranes (preterm-PROM).

<p><i>GA</i>, gestational age; <i>SD</i>, standard deviation; <i>NS</i>, not significant; <i>Cx</i>, cervical.</p>†<p>Of 213 cases, the data about cervical dilatation at the time of amniocentesis through a review of medical records were not available in 11 cases.</p>‡<p>Of 213 cases, the data about clinical chorioamnionitis through a review of medical records were not available in 5 cases.</p

(a) AF MMP-8 concentrations and (b) umbilical cord plasma CRP concentrations at birth according to PTL or preterm-PROM in the context of acute- HCA but without funisitis (AF MMP-8: PTL, median, 175.4 ng/ml [range, 1.1–4202.7 ng/ml] vs. preterm-PROM, median, 124.0 ng/ml [range, 0.3–1873.5 ng/ml]; umbilical cord plasma CRP: PTL, median, 37.0 ng/ml [range, 2.9–7401.8 ng/ml] vs. preterm-PROM, median, 27.9 ng/ml [range, 5.6–2018.2 ng/ml]; each for p = NS).

<p>(a) AF MMP-8 concentrations and (b) umbilical cord plasma CRP concentrations at birth according to PTL or preterm-PROM in the context of acute- HCA but without funisitis (AF MMP-8: PTL, median, 175.4 ng/ml [range, 1.1–4202.7 ng/ml] vs. preterm-PROM, median, 124.0 ng/ml [range, 0.3–1873.5 ng/ml]; umbilical cord plasma CRP: PTL, median, 37.0 ng/ml [range, 2.9–7401.8 ng/ml] vs. preterm-PROM, median, 27.9 ng/ml [range, 5.6–2018.2 ng/ml]; each for p = NS).</p