Fertilitet krmača posle intracervikalnog ili intrauterinog osemenjavanja različitim brojem spermatozoida u dozama redukovanog volumena

Modern intensive pig production demands an increasing number of insemination doses per ejaculate of genetically superior boars. In order to achieve such a result the possibility of producing insemination doses in both reduced volume and spermatozoa count without decreasing the fertility of sows is studied. In this trial we studied the effect of insemination with reduced volumes of semen (50 mL) and varied spermatozoa count (4, 2 or 1x109). Insemination was performed by the classical (intracervical) or by the new (intrauterine) techniques and the basic fertility parameters (farrowing % and litter size) were measured. The farrowing value decreased with decreasing spermatozoa numbers after intracervical and intrauterine insemination. However, the farrowing value, regardless of spermatozoa numbers, was significantly higher after intrauterine insemination (83.3%, 76.7%, 66.7%) compared to the classical intracervical insemination (73.3%, 66.7% and 50%). Litters size did not vary significantly depending on the applied insemination procedure or spermatozoa number. These results indicate that application of the new intrauterine insemination procedure enables the use of doses with a smaller volume and spermatozoa number, at the same time obtaining a satisfactory farrowing and litter size. This opens the possibility of obtaining a significantly higher number of doses per ejaculate when compared to the classical intracervical insemination procedure. In such a way can be increased significantly the degree of reproductive exploitation of genetically superior boars.Savremena intenzivna proizvodnja svinja zahteva dobijanje što većeg broja inseminacionih doza po ejakulatu genetski superiornih nerastova. Radi realizacije ovog cilja, istražuju se mogućnosti pravljenja inseminacionih doza redukovanog volumena i broja spermatozoida, ali da inseminacija ovakvim dozama ne rezultuje smanjenim fertilitetom krmača. U ovom radu je ispitivan uticaj osemenjavanja dozama duplo redukovanog volumena (50 ml) i različitog broja spermatozoida u dozi (4, 2 ili 1x109), posle klasične (intracervikalne) i nove (intrauterine) tehnologije osemenjavanja, na osnovne parametre fertiliteta krmača (% prašenja i veličina legla). Vrednost prašenja je opadala sa smanjenjem broja spermatozoida u dozi, kako posle intracervikalnog, tako i posle intratuterinog osemenjavanja. Međutim, vrednost prašenja je, bez obzira na broj spermatozoida u dozi, bila znatno veća posle intrauterinog (83,3%, 76,7% i 66,7%) u odnosu na klasično intracervikalno osemenjavanje (73,3%, 66,7% i 50%). Veličina legla nije značajno varirala u zavisnosti od primenjene metode osemenjavanja ili broja spermatozoida u dozi. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da je, primenom nove tehnologije intrauterinog osemenjavanja, moguće koristiti doze znatno redukovanog volumena i broja spermatozoida, a da se, pri tome, postignu zadovoljavajuće vrednosti prašenja i veličine legla. Ovo stvara mogućnost dobijanja značajno većeg broja doza po ejakulatu, u odnosu na klasičnu tehnologiju intracervikalnog osemenjavanja. Time se može značajno povećati stepen reproduktivne eksploatacije genetski superiornih nerastova

Association and. Precipitation of Alkaline Earth Dodecyl Sulphate in Aqueous Media

The equilibrium in aqueous alkaline earth dodecyl sulphate solutions were examined by determining solubilities at different ratios of precipitation component amounts. The interpretation of the results indicates the formation of simple associates such as Me(C12H25S04)2. The !=!quilibrium constants of their formation were also determined

Screening of Fixed Prosthodontic Dentures after Five Years of Use in Relation to Material and Construction

The aim of this study was to screen patients with fixed prosthodontic appliances that were in oral cavity for a period of 5 years or more and to assess clinically and radiologically root caries, gingival recession, pocket formation, alveolar ridge resorption, as well as gingival (GI) and plaque index (PI). The aim also was to find out the differences between materials and constructions, between abutment and non-abutment teeth, and to find out the need for replacement. A total of 260 patients and their orthopantomograms were examined, with a total of 2,265 teeth, 610 being bridge abutments and 246 being crowns. The most frequent were metal+ acrylic veneer crowns or bridges. Root caries was found under the abutments in 10–20%; however abutments with ceramic crowns had the lowest percentage of caries (p<0.01). Alveolar ridge resorption, pocket formation deeper than 3 mm and gingival recession of various degree was found in 50% of the cases, again with the lowest percentage of ceramic-fused-to-metal appliances (p<0.01). Pocket depth was registered in significantly higher percentage in metal-acrylic veneer appliances compared to natural teeth (p<0.01), while there was no significant difference between metal-ceramic appliances and natural teeth (p>0.05). Although the worst findings were recorded for metal-+acrylic veneer crowns for PI, no significant difference existed between crowns of different material or non-abutment teeth (p>0.05). There was statistically significant difference between abutments with metal + acrylic veneer crowns, full metal crowns, metal ceramic crowns and non-abutments for GI scores. Higher percentage of scores 0 and 1 was recorded for metal ceramic crowns and non-abutments and significantly higher percentage of scores 2 and 3 was recorded for metal + acrylic veneer crowns and full metallic crowns. Almost 50% of metal-ceramic abutments had no pathologic findings. Almost 30% of the patients needed replacement, or even some abutments to be extracted and therefore a new prosthodontic appliance

Increased number of intestinal villous M cells in levamisole -pretreated weaned pigs experimentally infected with F4ac+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain

Immunoprophylaxis of porcine postweaning colibacillosis (PWC) caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) expressing F4 fimbriae is an unsolved problem. Just as ETEC strains can exploit intestinal microfold (M) cells as the entry portal for infection, their high transcytotic ability make them an attractive target for mucosally delivered vaccines, adjuvants and therapeutics. We have developed a model of parenteral/oral immunization of 4-weeks-old pigs with either levamisole or vaccine candidate F4ac+ non-ETEC strain to study their effects on de novo differentiation of antigen-sampling M cells. Identification, localization and morphometric quantification of cytokeratin 18 positive M cells in the ileal mucosa of 6-weeks-old pigs revealed that they were: 1) exclusively located within villous epithelial layer, 2) significantly numerous (P< 0.01) in levamisole pretreated/challenged pigs, and 3) only slightly, but not significantly numerous in vaccinated/challenged pigs compared with non-pretreated/challenged control pigs. The fact that levamisole may affect the M cells frequency by increasing their numbers, makes it an interesting adjuvant to study development of an effective M cell-targeted vaccine against porcine PWC

SEMEN COLLECTION AND CONSERVATION OF BULLS SEMEN PODOL TYPE CATTLE

Semen collection, artificial vagina, electro-ejaculation, freeze semen We tray to collection ejaculates from bulls Podol Type Cattle with artificial vagina. Fantoms for collecting were cows in heat from the same herd or from another herd. We were not successafuly. With electro-ejaculation we collected ejaculates from bulls Podol Type Cattle and freeze semen in our Institute or in field

Effect of crop rotation on weed seed bank

Knowledge of weed soil seed bank is of great importance for forecasting weediness for next years. Crop rotation and tillage are two primary practices that have an impact on soil seed bank. In our study, soil samples were taken in order to evaluate the size and species composition of the weed seed bank in the soil on plots under different growing systems: monoculture of corn of about 40 years, crop rotation of corn, wheat and soybeans with different variations of fertilization. Samples were collected during October, using probe (diameter 5 cm) in a layer of 15 cm. Four soil samples collected from 10 sampling points were taken from each of 7 plots. Seeds were extracted from the soil by washing and were determined and counted. Next year (during August) weediness (abundance and species composition) evaluated in the same plots. The weed seed bank was dominated by Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Datura stramonium, Sorghum halepense in all treatments. In the plots which were under wheat in the previous year, beside the listed species, seeds of species characteristic for grain crops were also present as dominant. The higher number of seeds was observed in treatments where manure was applied. In the unfertilized treatments the seed bank was higher and represented by a higher number of weed species than in other plots. Composition of weed species emerged in the next year were in accordance with results of seed bank analysis and the fact that the investigated plots were seeded to maize. In fact, the dominant species were those typical of row crops

Generalized Arago-Fresnel laws: The EME-flow-line description

We study experimentally and theoretically the influence of light polarization on the interference patterns behind a diffracting grating. Different states of polarization and configurations are been considered. The experiments are analyzed in terms of electromagnetic energy (EME) flow lines, which can be eventually identified with the paths followed by photons. This gives rise to a novel trajectory interpretation of the Arago-Fresnel laws for polarized light, which we compare with interpretations based on the concept of "which-way" (or "which-slit") information.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Immunoglobulins G from sera of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients induce oxidative stress and upregulation of antioxidative system in BV-2 microglial cell line

© 2017 Milošević, Milicević, Božić, Lavrnja, Stevanović, Bijelić, Dubaić, Živković, Stević, Giniatullin and Andjus. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a very fast progression, no diagnostic tool for the presymptomatic phase, and still no effective treatment of the disease. Although ALS affects motor neurons, the overall pathophysiological condition points out to the non-cell autonomous mechanisms, where astrocytes and microglia play crucial roles in the disease progression. We have already shown that IgG from sera of ALS patients (ALS IgG) induce calcium transients and an increase in the mobility of acidic vesicles in cultured rat astrocytes. Having in mind the role of microglia in neurodegeneration, and a well-documented fact that oxidative stress is one of the many components contributing to the disease, we decided to examine the effect of ALS IgG on activation, oxidative stress and antioxidative system of BV-2 microglia, and to evaluate their acute effect on cytosolic peroxide, pH, and on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. All tested ALS IgGs (compared to control IgG) induced oxidative stress (rise in nitric oxide and the index of lipid peroxidation) followed by release of TNF-α and higher antioxidative defense (elevation of Mn- and CuZn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase with a decrease of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione) after 24 h treatment. Both ALS IgG and control IgG showed same localization on the membrane of BV-2 cells following 24 h treatment. Cytosolic peroxide and pH alteration were evaluated with fluorescent probes HyPer and SypHer, respectively, having in mind that HyPer also reacts to pH changes. Out of 11 tested IgGs from ALS patients, 4 induced slow exponential rise of HyPer signal, with maximal normalized fluorescence in the range 0.2-0.5, also inducing similar increase of SypHer intensity, but of a lower amplitude. None of the control IgGs induced changes with neither of the indicators. Acute ROS generation was detected in one out of three tested ALS samples with carboxy-H2DCFDA. The observed phenomena demonstrate the potential role of inflammatory humoral factors, IgGs, as potential triggers of the activation in microglia, known to occur in later stages of ALS. Therefore, revealing the ALS IgG signaling cascade in microglial cells could offer a valuable molecular biomarker and/or a potential therapeutic target