A review of phytic acid sources, obtention, and applications

Phytic acid (PA), extracted from oilseeds, legumes, cereals, nuts, and pollen by acid solutions under heating and/or stirring and then purified, has shown beneficial health and physiological effects due to its pronounced antioxidant activity and ability to chelate Fe3+ ions. Publications on PA have increased, especially the ones reporting its effect on disease prevention and treatment. Moreover, recent studies have suggested the PA efficacy as a foodborne pathogens inhibitor. Therefore, due to its countless proven properties, phytic acid has gained greater attention than its common classification as just an antinutrient. Past and current studies have been reviewed to provide an overview on PA structure, sources, biosynthesis, extraction, purification, and applications.The authors would like to thank the financial support of CNPq, CAPES (finance code 001) and Fundação Araucária (project code 3462014). Joana S. Amaral is thankful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for their financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020).This work was supported by the CNPq; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior [001]; Fundação Araucária [3462014]; Foundation for Science and Technology [UIDB/00690/2020].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Phytic acid against clostridium perfringens type a: a food matrix study

This study evaluated the inhibitory effect of phytic acid (PA) on the spore germination and vegetative cells growth of Clostridium perfringens type A, as well as its effect in combination with maltodextrin (MD) in cooked sausages. The addition of 1% PA showed a satisfactory inhibition of spores’ germination and vegetative cells growth of C. perfringens in BHI media. The inhibitory effect of 1% PA on vegetative cells was similar to the additive sodium sorbate (SS) at 10%. Subsequently, a mixture of PA-MD (1:1; w/w) was evaluated for the inhibition of C. perfringens spores in cooked sausages. The PA-MD 1.5% and 2.5% had a similar performance to SS 10% and a similar or higher performance than 0.015% NO2 (p < 0.05). In an unprecedented way, the present study demonstrated that PA inhibited spore germination and vegetative cells growth of C. perfringens, highlighting its potential use as an alternative and natural preservative for the meat industry.This research was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brazil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Brazil (CNPq), and Fundação Araucária-Brazil-Programa Universal Pesquisa Básica e Aplicada (Edital 05/2011, Agreement 346/2014). J.S. Amaral is grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Extraction, purification, and applications of phytic acid from rice bran

This study aims was to develop a method for extraction of defatted rice bran (DRB) phytic acid using ultrasonic bath and its subsequent purification by anion exchange resin, and evaluate the inhibitory effects of phytic acid standard (dodecasodium phytate from rice) on the C. perfringens type A spore outgrowth and growth of vegetative cells. A 23 factorial design with five central point was used to the ultrasonic bath extraction, and the independent variables were pH of extraction, ultrasound power, and the extraction time (minutes). The results showed that the amount of phytic acid extracted at a frequency of 80 kHz was higher than that extracted at 37 kHz (p ≤ 0,05). By the factorial design was verified that only the variable pH had a significant effect (p ≤ 0,05) on the extraction. In purification, by the batch adsorption experiments, was found that the Purolite A111 resin showed a satisfactory adsorption capacity compared to the other resins tested, and the batch adsorption data were better fitted by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2 = 0,9650%). The results from preliminary desorption tests showed that only the solution of 1.0 mol L-1 NaCl was able to desorb phytic acid from A111 resin, and therefore, this solution was used in the batch desorption experiments. The batch desorption results were modelled and best fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0,9920). The adsorption results of fixed bed column were satisfactorily fitted by the Yoon-Nelson empirical model (R2 = 0,9417). The A111 resin showed satisfactory results in adsorption and desorption by batch and fixed bed column experiments in the phytic acid purification. After purification experiments, the inhibitory effects of phytic acid pattern on the spores outgrowth and growth of vegetative cells of C. perfringens was evaluated. It was observed that the BHI medium supplemented with standard phytic acid has inhibited satisfactory the C. perfringens spores outgrowth at least for 9,5 hours of incubation. In the vegetative growth of C. perfringens in BHI medium supplemented with 1,0% standard phytic acid, there was growth inhibition, with an effective inhibition for at least 8 hours. This inhibitory effect was similar to the 10% sodium sorbate (p ≥ 0,05). Finally, the results showed the development of a new and efficient technique for phytic acid extraction and purification, providing a considerable reduction in the extraction time and a high yield of phytic acid extracted. This, after purified had a high purity (79,78%). Moreover, the standard phytic acid was effective as an inhibitor of spores and vegetative cells of C. perfringensCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver um método para extração de ácido fítico de farelo de arroz desengordurado (FAD) empregando-se banho ultrassônico e sua subsequente purificação por meio de resina de troca aniônica, e avaliar os efeitos inibitórios do padrão de ácido fítico (fitato de dodecassódio de arroz) sobre o desenvolvimento de esporos e o crescimento de células vegetativas de C. perfringens tipo A. A extração empregando-se banho ultrassônico foi realizada por meio de um planejamento fatorial 2³ com quintuplicata no ponto central e como variáveis independentes o pH de extração, a potência do ultrassom e o tempo de extração (minutos). Por meio dos resultados obtidos constatou-se que a quantidade de ácido fítico extraído aplicando-se a frequência de 80 kHz foi superior à extraída a 37 kHz (p ≤ 0,05). Pelo planejamento fatorial foi possível verificar que somente a variável pH apresentou efeito significativo (p ≤ 0,05) sobre a resposta. Nos experimentos de purificação, pela adsorção conduzida em batelada constatou-se que a resina Purolite A111 apresentou uma capacidade de adsorção satisfatória em relação às demais e seus dados de adsorção no equilíbrio obtidos experimentalmente foram melhor ajustados pelo modelo isotérmico de Langmuir (R² = 0,9650%). Os resultados obtidos a partir dos testes preliminares de dessorção demostraram que somente a solução dessorvente de NaCl 1,0 mol L¹ foi capaz de dessorver o ácido fítico da resina A111, sendo, portanto, a solução empregada para a realização dos experimentos de dessorção em batelada, cujos resultados foram interpretados e melhor ajustados pelo modelo isotérmico de Langmuir (R² = 0,9920). Os resultados de adsorção obtidos experimentalmente em coluna de leito fixo foram satisfatoriamente ajustados pelo modelo empírico de YoonNelson (R² = 0,9417). A resina A111 apresentou resultados satisfatórios nos experimentos de adsorção e dessorção em batelada e em coluna de leito fixo para a purificação de ácido fítico de FAD. Após os experimentos de purificação seguiu-se à realização dos experimentos de avaliação dos efeitos inibitórios do padrão de ácido fítico sobre o desenvolvimento de esporos e crescimento de células vegetativas de C. perfringens, por meio dos quais observou-se que nos meios de cultura suplementados com o padrão de ácido fítico houve inibição satisfatória do desenvolvimento dos esporos de C. perfringens por até 9,5 horas de incubação. Com relação às análises com as células vegetativas, nos meios contendo ácido fítico, houve inibição do crescimento das mesmas, sendo a concentração de AF de 1,0% efetiva na inibição por até 8 horas, apresentando efeito inibitório similar ao do sorbato de sódio (10%) (p ≥ 0,05). Finalmente, os resultados demonstraram o desenvolvimento de uma técnica nova e eficiente de extração e purificação de ácido fítico, proporcionando uma redução considerável do tempo de extração e um alto rendimento de ácido fítico extraído, o qual após purificado apresentou um alto grau de pureza (79,78%). Além disso, o padrão de ácido fítico foi eficaz como inibidor de esporos e células vegetativas de C. perfringens