9 research outputs found
Pulse-periodic laser action to create an ordered heterogeneous structure based on copper and zinc oxides
Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ CuO / ZnO. ΠΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ CO2-ΡΠ»ΡΠ± Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ° ROFIN DC 010 Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈ Π62: ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ 270...330 ΠΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°. Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°, ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠ΅, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ~0,5...3 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ, Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ~40...90 Π½ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Cu-Zn ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π½ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ~40...100 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½, ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ~20...30 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ, Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ZnO. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π΅, ΡΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ZnO ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ. A method of pulse-periodic laser action has been developed to create an ordered heterogeneous structure of CuO / ZnO. The pulse-periodic irradiation of a CO2 slab ROFIN DC 010 laser into two types of brass samples L62: ground and surface etched after grinding was performed. It was found that when the beam power was increased in the range 270β330 W, the density of nanowires increased, shorter and wider nanowires formed. The synthesized nanowires reinforced on the substrate had a length of ~ 0.5β3 ΞΌm, a diameter of ~ 40β90 nm. The surface of the Cu-Zn alloy subjected to etching had a clearly discernable grain boundary with a grain size in the range of ~ 40β100 ΞΌm. The surface of the samples after etching consisted of pure copper. As a result of oxidation at the grain boundaries, whose size decreases to ~ 20β30 ΞΌm, growth of ZnO nanowires was observed. With an increase in the time of oxidation by laser exposure to air, the growth of ZnO nanowires became more intense
Creation of ZnO-based nanomaterials using pulse-periodic laser action
Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ZnO ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² 500 ΠΡ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡ, ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ° Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° Cu-Zn ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ZnO. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ ZnO/Cu ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡ.
Creation of metallic-semiconductor nanocomposite materials based on ZnO nanowires under pulse-periodic laser action with a pulse frequency of 500 Hz was performed. At analyzing of the results it was found that with laser-induced vibroexcitation of samples, the vibration rate increases in the case of frequencies that are divisible by the frequency of initial oscillation, during the amplitude decrease with the frequency increase. The sample heating features by laser action was determined. Analysis of the X-ray diffraction image showed that the ZnO oxide formation on the substrate of porous CuβZn alloy occurs as a result thermal oxidation by the pulse-periodic laser treatment. It is shown that, condition for the intensification of mass transfer in the solid phase of a metallic material is a non-stationary local deformation, caused by a highly-powered external action. A new approach for the creation of structures of composite nanomaterials based on zinc oxide in pure metallic-semiconductor ZnO/Cu nanocomposite allows the use of synergies of thermal effects and laser-induced vibrations in the sound frequency range
Past and present distribution, densities and movements of blue whales Balaenoptera musculus in the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean
1. Blue whale locations in the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean were obtained from catches (303 239), sightings (4383 records of 8058 whales), strandings (103), Discovery marks (2191) and recoveries (95), and acoustic recordings. 2. Sighting surveys included 7 480 450 km of effort plus 14 676 days with unmeasured effort. Groups usually consisted of solitary whales (65.2%) or pairs (24.6%); larger feeding aggregations of unassociated individuals were only rarely observed. Sighting rates (groups per 1000 km from many platform types) varied by four orders of magnitude and were lowest in the waters of Brazil, South Africa, the eastern tropical Pacific, Antarctica and South Georgia; higher in the Subantarctic and Peru; and highest around Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Chile, southern Australia and south of Madagascar. 3. Blue whales avoid the oligotrophic central gyres of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, but are more common where phytoplankton densities are high, and where there are dynamic oceanographic processes like upwelling and frontal meandering. 4. Compared with historical catches, the Antarctic ("true") subspecies is exceedingly rare and usually concentrated closer to the summer pack ice. In summer they are found throughout the Antarctic; in winter they migrate to southern Africa (although recent sightings there are rare) and to other northerly locations (based on acoustics), although some overwinter in the Antarctic. 5. Pygmy blue whales are found around the Indian Ocean and from southern Australia to New Zealand. At least four groupings are evident: northern Indian Ocean, from Madagascar to the Subantarctic, Indonesia to western and southern Australia, and from New Zealand northwards to the equator. Sighting rates are typically much higher than for Antarctic bluewhales