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In 1981 a survey was conducted to determine the kinds and amounts of pesticides used in the production of potatoes and small grains in Alaska as well as the manner in which they were used. Alaska has been asked by the United States Department of Agriculture to cooperate with the other states in a pesticide impact assessment program designed to aid the Environmental Protection Agency in predicting the consequences of its actions. This study was initaited to determine the importance of pesticides to the production of these crops. This compilation is not intended to present recommendations for pest management stuations in Alaska, and it should not be used as a pest-control guide. It simply reports surveyed information and should be used only as a reference to pesticide usage in 1981. Some general information is provided on the classification and application of each pesticide

Eccentricity fluctuations in an integrated hybrid approach: Influence on elliptic flow

The effects of initial state fluctuations on elliptic flow are investigated within a (3+1)d Boltzmann + hydrodynamics transport approach. The spatial eccentricity ($\epsilon_{\rm RP}$ and $\epsilon_{\rm part}$) is calculated for initial conditions generated by a hadronic transport approach (UrQMD). Elliptic flow results as a function of impact parameter, beam energy and transverse momentum for two different equations of state and for averaged initial conditions or a full event-by-event setup are presented. These investigations allow the conclusion that in mid-central ($b=5-9$ fm) heavy ion collisions the final elliptic flow is independent of the initial state fluctuations and the equation of state. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that most of the $v_2$ is build up during the hydrodynamic stage of the evolution. Therefore, the use of averaged initial profiles does not contribute to the uncertainties of the extraction of transport properties of hot and dense QCD matter based on viscous hydrodynamic calculations.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, minor revision of figures and conclusion, as published in PR

Reconstructing ρ0\rho^0 and ω\omega mesons from non-leptonic decays in C+C at 2AGeV

We predict transverse and longitudinal momentum spectra and yields of $\rho^0$ and $\omega$ mesons reconstructed from hadron correlations in C+C reactions at 2~AGeV. The rapidity and $p_T$ distributions for reconstructable $\rho^0$ mesons differs strongly from the primary distribution, while the $\omega$'s distributions are only weakly modified. We discuss the temporal and spatial distributions of the particles emitted in the hadron channel. Finally, we report on the mass shift of the $\rho^0$ due to its coupling to the $N^*(1520)$, which is observable in both the di-lepton and $\pi\pi$ channel. Our calculations can be tested with the Hades experiment at GSI, Darmstadt

Centrality and Energy Dependence of Proton, Light Fragment and Hyperon Production

Recent results of the NA49 collaboration are discussed. These include the energy dependence of stopping and the production of the light fragments t and 3He. New data on the system size dependence of hyperon production at 40A and 158AGeV are also presented.Comment: 4 pages, Quark Matter 2006 proceeding

A model comparison of resonance lifetime modifications, a soft equation of state and non-Gaussian effects on π−π\pi-\pi correlations at FAIR/AGS energies

HBT correlations of $\pi^--\pi^-$ pairs at FAIR/AGS energies are investigated by using the UrQMD transport model and the CRAB analyzing program. Three different possible sources (treatment of resonance lifetimes, a soft equation of state and non-Gaussian effects) to understand the HBT $R_O/R_S$ puzzle are investigated. Firstly, we find that different treatments of the resonance decay time can not resolve the HBT time-related puzzle, however it can modify the HBT radii at low transverse momenta to some extent to explain the data slightly. Secondly, with a soft equation of state with momentum dependence, the measured transverse momentum dependent HBT radii and $R_O/R_S$ ratio can be described fairly well. Thirdly, non-Gaussian effects are visible in the calculated correlation function. Using the Edgeworth expansion, one finds that the non-Gaussian effect is strongest in the longitudinal direction and weakest in the sideward direction.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures. To be published in J.Phys.

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For cooperation and assistance in the work reported here, we gratefully acknowledge Dr. William Burgoyne, State of Alaska Division of Environmental Conservation and Mr. Delon Brown, USDA, Alaska Crop and Livestock Reporting Service. We especially appreciate the efforts of numerous pesticide manufacturers, distributors, dealers, and users who took the necessary time to provide information essential for this compilation. Richard Maxwell, Agricultural Chemicals Specialist, Cooperative Extension Service, Washington State University, provided difficult to locate pesticide label information. The editors of Farm Chemicals Handbook, 1980, provided the list of preferred names as well as information regarding general application of pesticide products.Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Reference -- Pesticide Use in Alaska, 197