Architecture des bibliothèques publiques d’aujourd’hui et de demain. Le projet de la nouvelle bibliothèque de Caen (L\u27)

Diaporama de l\u27intervention de Clément Blanchet (chef de projet, agence d’architecture OMA, associé de Rem Koolhas) dans le cadre du colloque "Quelles bibliothèques publiques pour demain ? Etat des lieux et perspectives, en France et à l’étranger"

A method to qualify the impacts of certifications for prefabricated constructions

In the province of Quebec, Canada, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in manufactured timber construction seeking to expand their market must necessarily go beyond the local trade. By exporting their products and manufactured building sections to another country, Quebec manufacturers must deal with significant regulations and certification constraints. The aim of this study is therefore to propose a method to qualify the impacts of these constraints on the export of manufactured buildings to New England in order to create a decision support tool. Since construction regulations vary depending on the location of the project, those relating to Massachusetts were analyzed, as this is currently the main destination for manufactured building sections. Considering the federal and local regulations in effect, a content analysis of the Quality Assurance Manual (QAM) set up by an industry partner and a third-party certifier enabling exports to Massachusetts was performed. In particular, the six-step method proposed by L’Écuyer was exploited for extracting and examining relevant information from regulatory texts. Through this analysis, the importance of quality control was confirmed as a keystone for certification. It also led to a better understanding of the relationships between quality control, the construction pr

Final Report on StratusLab Adoption

The StratusLab cloud distribution has been adopted by users from a wide range of scientific disciplines: astrophysics, software engineering, machine learning, high- energy physics, meteorology, and bioinformatics. In addition, there has been commercial update of the distribution for a turnkey private cloud solution aimed at SMEs and a large public deployment by Atos within the Helix Nebula initiative. Both partner and non-partner institutes have used the StratusLab distribution to provide cloud services to their users

A life in waiting: Refugees' mental health and narratives of social suffering after European Union border closures in March 2016.

RATIONALE: In 2015, an estimated 856,723 refugees, predominantly from Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq arrived in Greece as an entry point into the European Union. The border of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia closed in March 2016, blocking a popular route for refugees through Europe, and left around 60,000 people stranded in Greece. OBJECTIVE: A mixed-method study was conducted among refugees in the regions of Attica, Epirus, and Samos between November 2016 and February 2017. The epidemiological survey showed that depending on study sites between 73% and 100% of the refugees suffered from anxiety disorder. The explanatory qualitative study aimed to understand refugees' mental health and narratives of social suffering in regards to experienced violence, the effect of current border closures, and the lack of an onward journey. METHOD: The explanatory qualitative study included 47 in-depth interviews and five focus group discussions with refugees purposely recruited through the concomitant epidemiological survey, representing both genders and a range of nationalities and ages. Data were thematically analysed to identify emergent patterns and categories using NVivo 11. RESULTS: The refugees overwhelmingly reported experiencing uncertainty and lack of control over their current life and future, which caused psychosocial distress and suffering. The passivity of life in refugee camps aggravated feelings of meaninglessness and powerlessness. The disruption of key social networks and absence of interactions with the surrounding Greek society led to feelings of isolation and being unwelcome. CONCLUSIONS: Refugees in Greece experience psychosocial distress and social suffering as a consequence of their uncertain and disrupted lives and the loss of social networks. Faster and transparent asylum procedures, the development of meaningful and empowering activities, and fostered social interactions with the surrounding society would contribute to alleviating their psychosocial suffering

Syrian refugees in Greece: experience with violence, mental health status, and access to information during the journey and while in Greece.

BACKGROUND: Since 2015, Europe has been facing an unprecedented arrival of refugees and migrants: more than one million people entered via land and sea routes. During their travels, refugees and migrants often face harsh conditions, forced detention, and violence in transit countries. However, there is a lack of epidemiological quantitative evidence on their experiences and the mental health problems they face during their displacement. We aimed to document the types of violence experienced by migrants and refugees during their journey and while settled in Greece, and to measure the prevalence of anxiety disorders and access to legal information and procedures. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional population-based quantitative survey combined with an explanatory qualitative study in eight sites (representing the range of settlements) in Greece during winter 2016/17. The survey consisted of a structured questionnaire on experience of violence and an interviewer-administered anxiety disorder screening tool (Refugee Health Screener). RESULTS: In total, 1293 refugees were included, of whom 728 were Syrians (41.3% females) of median age 18 years (interquartile range 7-30). Depending on the site, between 31% and 77.5% reported having experienced at least one violent event in Syria, 24.8-57.5% during the journey to Greece, and 5-8% in their Greek settlement. Over 75% (up to 92%) of respondents ≥15 years screened positive for anxiety disorder, which warranted referral for mental health evaluation, which was only accepted by 69-82% of participants. Access to legal information and assistance about asylum procedures were considered poor to non-existent for the majority, and the uncertainty of their status exacerbated their anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: This survey, conducted during a mass refugee crisis in a European Community country, provides important data on experiences in different refugee settings and reports the high levels of violence experienced by Syrian refugees during their journeys, the high prevalence of anxiety disorders, and the shortcomings of the international protective response

Architecture et bibliothèque

En 2012, l’enssib a saisi l’opportunité de ses vingt ans pour publier dans ses Presses un ouvrage hors collection : "Architecture et bibliothèque, 20 ans de constructions", lequel proposait un tour d’horizon des questions posées par la place du bâtiment dans nos problématiques professionnelles. C’est à partir de points de vue parfois divergents, souvent complémentaires, des architectes, conservateurs de bibliothèques, élus, journaliste et programmiste, que s’ouvrait la réflexion. Dans le prolongement de cet ouvrage, et parce que la question est loin d’être épuisée, la journée « Architecture et bibliothèque » a fait entendre la parole d’architectes bâtisseurs de bibliothèques. Comment penser et bâtir ensemble la bibliothèque de demain, tel fut le fil rouge de cette journée. Afin de mieux comprendre les spécificités de la construction d’établissements publics et plus particulièrement des bibliothèques comparativement aux autres lieux de culture. Afin de s’interroger sur le statut emblématique ou non de la bibliothèque du futur, dans un univers culturel qui tend à devenir immatériel. Afin de se situer dans la cité, tant symboliquement, démocratiquement que du point de vue de l’urbanisme. Afin de repenser la place de l’usager, du lecteur, et sans doute aussi du professionnel au sein de la bibliothèque en construction. Pour toutes ces raisons, la question de l’architecture se place au coeur du métier de bibliothécaire

Critical dynamics of self-gravitating Langevin particles and bacterial populations

We study the critical dynamics of the generalized Smoluchowski-Poisson system (for self-gravitating Langevin particles) or generalized Keller-Segel model (for the chemotaxis of bacterial populations). These models [Chavanis & Sire, PRE, 69, 016116 (2004)] are based on generalized stochastic processes leading to the Tsallis statistics. The equilibrium states correspond to polytropic configurations with index $n$ similar to polytropic stars in astrophysics. At the critical index $n_{3}=d/(d-2)$ (where $d\ge 2$ is the dimension of space), there exists a critical temperature $\Theta_{c}$ (for a given mass) or a critical mass $M_{c}$ (for a given temperature). For $\Theta>\Theta_{c}$ or $M<M_{c}$ the system tends to an incomplete polytrope confined by the box (in a bounded domain) or evaporates (in an unbounded domain). For $\Theta<\Theta_{c}$ or $M>M_{c}$ the system collapses and forms, in a finite time, a Dirac peak containing a finite fraction $M_c$ of the total mass surrounded by a halo. This study extends the critical dynamics of the ordinary Smoluchowski-Poisson system and Keller-Segel model in $d=2$ corresponding to isothermal configurations with $n_{3}\to +\infty$. We also stress the analogy between the limiting mass of white dwarf stars (Chandrasekhar's limit) and the critical mass of bacterial populations in the generalized Keller-Segel model of chemotaxis

Quelles bibliothèques publiques pour demain ? Etat des lieux et perspectives, en France et à l’étranger

La Bibliothèque de la Part-Dieu a 40 ans ! Cet anniversaire est l’occasion de réfléchir à l’histoire des bibliothèques publiques, mais surtout à leur avenir : quelles grandes évolutions ont marqué ces dernières décennies ? Quels paramètres prendre en compte pour construire ou rénover des structures ? Quels visages auront à l’avenir les réseaux d’établissements ? Quels services novateurs permettront de répondre aux attentes du public ? L’enjeu pour les bibliothèques est de continuer à remplir pleinement leur rôle de service public dans les années à venir : à quoi ressembleront demain les bibliothèques publiques ? Souhaitant porter un regard pluraliste sur l’avenir des bibliothèques, cette journée donnera la parole à des historiens, architectes, responsables de projets, et à des professionnels, de France ou d’autres horizons

Agroforesterie et services écosystémiques en zone tropicale

Respectueux de l’environnement et garantissant une sécurité alimentaire soutenue par la diversification des productions et des revenus qu’ils procurent, les systèmes agroforestiers apparaissent comme un modèle prometteur d’agriculture durable dans les pays du Sud les plus vulnérables aux changements globaux. Cependant, ces systèmes agroforestiers ne peuvent être optimisés qu’à condition de mieux comprendre et de mieux maîtriser les facteurs de leurs productions. L’ouvrage présente un ensemble de connaissances récentes sur les mécanismes biophysiques et socio-économiques qui sous-tendent le fonctionnement et la dynamique des systèmes agroforestiers. Il concerne, d’une part les systèmes agroforestiers à base de cultures pérennes, telles que cacaoyers et caféiers, de régions tropicales humides en Amérique du Sud, en Afrique de l’Est et du Centre, d’autre part les parcs arborés et arbustifs à base de cultures vivrières, principalement de céréales, de la région semi-aride subsaharienne d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Il synthétise les dernières avancées acquises grâce à plusieurs projets associant le Cirad, l’IRD et leurs partenaires du Sud qui ont été conduits entre 2012 et 2016 dans ces régions. L’ensemble de ces projets s’articulent autour des dynamiques des systèmes agroforestiers et des compromis entre les services de production et les autres services socio-écosystémiques que ces systèmes fournissent