The effects of “pulling levers” focused deterrence strategies on crime

A number of American police departments have been experimenting with new problem-oriented policing frameworks to prevent gang and group-involved violence generally known as the “pulling levers” focused deterrence strategies. Focused deterrence strategies honor core deterrence ideas, such as increasing risks faced by offenders, while finding new and creative ways of deploying traditional and non-traditional law enforcement tools to do so, such as directly communicating incentives and disincentives to targeted offenders. Pioneered in Boston to halt serious gang violence, the focused deterrence framework has been applied in many American cities through federally sponsored violence prevention programs. In its simplest form, the approach consists of selecting a particular crime problem, such as gang homicide; convening an interagency working group of law enforcement, social-service, and community-based practitioners; conducting research to identify key offenders, groups, and behavior patterns; framing a response to offenders and groups of offenders that uses a varied menu of sanctions (“pulling levers”) to stop them from continuing their violent behavior; focusing social services and community resources on targeted offenders and groups to match law enforcement prevention efforts; and directly and repeatedly communicating with offenders to make them understand why they are receiving this special attention. These new strategic approaches have been applied to a range of crime problems, such as overt drug markets and individual repeat offenders, and have shown promising results in the reduction of crime. Objectives: To synthesize the extant evaluation literature and assess the effects of pulling levers focused deterrence strategies on crime. Conclusions: We conclude that pulling levers focused deterrence strategies seem to be effective in reducing crime. However, we urge caution in interpreting these results because of the lack of more rigorous randomized controlled trials in the existing body of scientific evidence on this approach

Pengantar Penelitian Sosial

154 Ha

Conceptualization and measurement in the social sciences

286 p. : il.; 21 cm

An introduction to social research

New Jersey120 p.; 23 cm

Social Statistics

xii625p.; 20c

Pengantar penelitian sosial

Tujuan penulisan buku ini adalah sebagai suatu usaha untuk menerangkan kepada para mahasiswa dan awam tentang sifat awal isu-isu dasar yang ditemui dalam melakukan penelitian di bidang ilmu-ilmu sosial. Aspek kuantitatit metodologi penelitian semakin bertambah teknis dengan melebarnya jurang komunikasi tidak saja antara para sarjana sosial dengan awam, tetapi juga di kalanagan sesama sarjana itu sendiri