COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with chronic myocarditis (hbv-associated with infarct-like debute): specifics of the diseases course, the role of the basic therapy (Part II) [COVID-19 пневмония у больных с хроническими миокардитами (HBV-ассоциированным с инфарктоподобным дебютом): особенности течения заболеваний, роль базисной терапии (Часть II)]

Chronic infectious-immune myocarditis of severe course can potentially be considered as a factor that aggravates the course of new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and increases the risk of adverse outcomes. The interaction of chronic myocarditis and COVID-19 during long-term immunosuppressive therapy has not been studied. We present a description of a 35-year-old female patient with chronic infectious-immune myocarditis (morphologically confirmed, with a history of infarction-like onset and thromboembolic complications), who had continuous immunosuppressive therapy with methylprednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil. The patient also received new oral anticoagulants and tenofovir (for chronic HBV infection). COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2 RNA+) was diagnosed in May 2020. Risk factors for the adverse course of coronavirus infection included severe obesity, heart failure, and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Correction of immunosuppressive therapy (withdrawal of the cytostatic agent, administration of hydroxychloroquine) and therapy with levofloxacin, an interleukin-17 inhibitor (netakimab) were performed. The severity of pneumonia and respiratory failure was moderate despite high fever and high levels of inflammatory markers in the blood (including interleukin-6). Signs of exacerbation of myocarditis, increased levels of troponin T and anticardial antibodies (compared with the initial ones) were not found. It can be assumed that supportive immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis has a positive effect on the course of coronavirus pneumonia and avoids exacerbation of myocarditis. Careful continuation of immunosuppressive therapy with temporary withdrawal of aggressive cytostatics can be recommended in chronic myocarditis. Further study of the features of the course of previous myocarditis and COVID-19 pneumonia is necessary. © 2020 Stolichnaya Izdatelskaya Kompaniya. All rights reserved

COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with chronic myocarditis (recurrent infectious immune): Specifics of the diseases course, the role of basic therapy (Part 1) [COVID-19 пневмония у больных с хроническими миокардитами (рецидивирующий инфекционно-иммунный): особенности течения заболеваний, роль базисной терапии (Часть 1)]

Patients with chronic myocarditis have a high risk of an unfavorable course of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) due to the ability of the SARS-Cov-2 virus to independently cause acute myocarditis, to have a direct and cytokine-mediated cytopathic effect on the myocardium, as well as immunosuppressive therapy. At the same time, the features of the interaction of chronic myocarditis and COVID-19 have not been studied. The article describes a 31-year-old patient with a 10-year history of chronic recurrent infectious-immune myocarditis, who was on long-term immunosuppressive therapy (methylprednisolone and azathioprine in the past, then hydroxychloroquine). In May 2020, a serologically confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis was made. There were risk factors for the unfavorable course of coronavirus infection: heart failure and a history of persistent atrial fibrillation, male sex. Basic therapy with hydroxychloroquine (with an increase in its dose to 800-400 mg/day), ceftriaxone, and levofloxacin was carried out. The severity of pneumonia was moderate, despite febrile fever and severe intoxication. No relapses of arrhythmias, respiratory or heart failure were observed. Minimal laboratory (some increase in anticardial antibody titers) and echocardiographic signs of exacerbation of myocarditis without an increase in troponin T levels were revealed, which quickly regressed. It can be assumed that the maintenance immunosuppressive therapy of myocarditis with hydroxychloroquine had a positive effect on the course of coronavirus pneumonia and made it possible to avoid recurrence of myocarditis. Further study of the features of the course of the pre-existing myocarditis and pneumonia in COVID-19 is necessary. © 2020 Stolichnaya Izdatelskaya Kompaniya. All rights reserved

Сочетание аритмогенной дисплазии правого желудочка и некомпактного миокарда левого желудочка как особая форма кардиомиопатии: клиника, диагностика, генетическая природа, течение

Background. A few cases of combination of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVC) with left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) have been described. Aims to study the genetics, diagnostical features and clinical course of the combination of ARVC with LVNC. Methods. 58 patients with ARVC diagnosis (26 men; mean age 39.1 14.2 years; mean follow-up period 21.5 [6; 60] months) and 125 patients with LVNC (74 men; mean age 46.4 15.1 years; mean follow-up period 14 [3; 40] months). All patients underwent electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, 24-h ECG monitoring. Heart MRI was performed in 53 (91.4%) patients with ARVC and 60 (48%) with LVNC, heart CT in 18 (31%) patients with ARVC and 89 (71.2%) with LVNC. For all patients with combination of ARVC and LVNC DNA-diagnostic was performed using both ARVC (PKP2, DSG2, DSP, DSC2, JUP, TMEM43, TGFB3, PLN, LMNA, DES, CTTNA3, EMD, SCN5A, LDB3, CRYAB, FLNC) and LVNC (MYH7, MYBPC3, TAZ, TPM1, LDB3, MYL2, MYL3, ACTC1, TNNT2, TNI3) gene panels. Results. Combination of ARVC and LVNC was found in 9 patients (15.5% of patients form ARVC cohort and 7.2% from LVNC cohort). These patients were distinguished from patients with isolated ARVC or LVNC by aggressive ventricular arrhythmias (frequent premature ventricular beats, sustained ventricular tachycardia, significantly worse antiarrhythmic therapy effect, appropriate shocks of implanted cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) in all patients with ICD). Patients with combination of ARVC + LVNC were also distinguished from patients with isolated LVNC by the dilatation of RV, low QRS voltage on ECG, presence of AV block, absence of signs of LV hypertrophy on ECG. LV dilatation with reduction of its ejection fraction distinguished patients with mixed cardiomyopathy from patients with isolated ARVC. Potentially pathogenic variants (IVV classes of pathogenicity) and variants of unclear clinical significance (III class of pathogenicity) were found in both desmosomal and non-desmosomal genes in 78% of patients, including 3 (33%) in DSP gene. Conclusions. The combination of ARVC and LVNC can be caused by mutations in both desmosomal and non-desmosomal genes and has typical features: aggressive, resistant ventricular rhythm abnormalities leading to appropriate ICD shocks and a high risk of sudden cardiac death.Обоснование. В литературе описаны лишь единичные случаи сочетания аритмогенной дисплазии правого желудочка (ПЖ) и некомпактного миокарда левого желудочка (ЛЖ). Цель исследования изучить генетическую природу, диагностические признаки и клиническое течение сочетания аритмогенной дисплазии ПЖ и некомпактного миокарда ЛЖ. Методы. 58 пациентов с диагнозом аритмогенная дисплазия ПЖ (26 мужчин; средний возраст 39,1 14,2 года; средний срок наблюдения 21,5 [6; 60] мес) и 125 пациентов с диагнозом некомпактный миокард ЛЖ (74 мужчины; средний возраст 46,4 15,1 года; средний срок наблюдения 14 [3; 40] мес). Всем пациентам выполнены ЭКГ, эхокардиография, суточное мониторирование ЭКГ по Холтеру. МРТ сердца выполнена 53 (91,4%) пациентам с аритмогенной дисплазией ПЖ и 60 (48%) с некомпактным миокардом ЛЖ, МСКТ сердца 18 (31%) пациентам с аритмогенной дисплазией ПЖ и 89 (71,2%) с некомпактным миокардом ЛЖ. Всем пациентам с сочетанием аритмогенной дисплазии ПЖ и некомпактного миокарда ЛЖ проведен поиск мутаций с применением панелей генов аритмогенной дисплазии ПЖ (PKP2, DSG2, DSP, DSC2, JUP, TMEM43, TGFB3, PLN, LMNA, DES, CTTNA3, EMD, SCN5A, LDB3, CRYAB, FLNC) и некомпактного миокарда ЛЖ (MYH7, MYBPC3, TAZ, TPM1, LDB3, MYL2, MYL3, ACTC1, TNNT2, TNNI3). Результаты. Сочетание аритмогенной дисплазии ПЖ и некомпактного миокарда ЛЖ выявлено у 9 больных, что составило 15,5% пациентов в когорте аритмогенной дисплазии ПЖ и 7,2% пациентов в когорте с некомпактным миокардом ЛЖ. Этих пациентов отличают от больных с изолированной аритмогенной дисплазией ПЖ или изолированным некомпактным миокардом ЛЖ агрессивные желудочковые нарушения ритма (частая желудочковая экстрасистолия, устойчивая желудочковая тахикардия с достоверно худшим эффектом антиаритмической терапии, адекватные срабатывания имплантированного кардиовертера-дефибриллятора отмечены у всех больных с имплантированным кардиовертером-дефибриллятором). От пациентов с изолированным некомпактным миокардом ЛЖ больных со смешанной кардиомиопатией отличали также увеличение ПЖ по данным эхокардиографии, снижение вольтажа QRS на ЭКГ, наличие АВ-блокады, отсутствие признаков гипертрофии ЛЖ на ЭКГ. Дилатация ЛЖ со снижением его фракции выброса отличала пациентов со смешанной кардиомиопатией от больных с изолированной аритмогенной дисплазией ПЖ. Потенциально патогенные варианты (IVV классов патогенности) и варианты неясного клинического значения (III класс патогенности) обнаружены как в десмосомных, так и в недесмосомных генах у 78% пациентов, в том числе у 3 (33%) в гене DSP. Заключение. Сочетание аритмогенной дисплазии ПЖ и некомпактного миокарда ЛЖ встречается чаще, чем принято считать, может быть обусловлено мутациями как в десмосомных, так и в недесмосомных генах и обладает характерными особенностями, такими как агрессивные, резистентные к терапии желудочковые нарушения ритма, приводящие к адекватным срабатываниям имплантированного кардиовертера-дефибриллятора, и высокий риск внезапной сердечной смерти

Clinical presentation, disease course, and outcome of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with and without pre-existing cardiac disease: a cohort study across 18 countries

Aims Patients with cardiac disease are considered high risk for poor outcomes following hospitalization with COVID-19. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate heterogeneity in associations between various heart disease subtypes and in-hospital mortality.Methods and results We used data from the CAPACITY-COVID registry and LEOSS study. Multivariable Poisson regression models were fitted to assess the association between different types of pre-existing heart disease and in-hospital mortality. A total of 16 511 patients with COVID-19 were included (21.1% aged 66-75 years; 40.2% female) and 31.5% had a history of heart disease. Patients with heart disease were older, predominantly male, and often had other comorbid conditions when compared with those without. Mortality was higher in patients with cardiac disease (29.7%; n= 1545 vs. 15.9%; n= 1797). However, following multivariable adjustment, this difference was not significant [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.15; P = 0.12 (corrected for multiple testing)]. Associations with in-hospital mortality by heart disease subtypes differed considerably, with the strongest association for heart failure (aRR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10-1.30; P <0.018) particularly for severe (New York Heart Association class III/IV) heart failure (aRR 1.41, 95% CI 1.20-1.64; P < 0.018). None of the other heart disease subtypes, including ischaemic heart disease, remained significant after multivariable adjustment. Serious cardiac complications were diagnosed in <1% of patients.Conclusion Considerable heterogeneity exists in the strength of association between heart disease subtypes and in-hospital mortality. Of all patients with heart disease, those with heart failure are at greatest risk of death when hospitalized with COVID-19. Serious cardiac complications are rare during hospitalization.[GRAPHICS]