Studies of reaction geometry in oxidation and reduction of the alkaline silver electrode

Two methods of surface area estimations of sintered silver electrodes have given roughness factors of 58 and 81. One method is based on constant current oxidation, the other is based on potentiostatic oxidation. Examination of both wire and sintered silver electrodes via scanning electron microscopy at various stages of oxidation have shown that important structural features are mounds of oxide. In potentiostatic oxidations these appear to form on sites instantaneously nucleated while in constant current oxidations progressive nucleation is indicated

Studies of reaction geometry in oxidation and reduction of the alkaline silver electrode Quarterly report

Reaction kinetics in oxidation and reduction of alkaline silver electrod

Falling on Their Feet: Young Workers, Employment and Age Discrimination

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from OUP at http://ilj.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/2/246.full.pdf+html.Youth (un)employment continues to cause UK policy-makers major headaches. The unemployment rate for 16-24 year olds was 16.2% in the quarter from October to December 2014, compared with 5.7% for the general working population. Further, 27%of unemployed 16-24 years olds had been unemployed for over 12 months. The Resolution Foundation estimates that37% of those employed on zero hours contracts are aged between 16 and 24, indicating that young people are often consigned to insecure, precarious jobs when they find work. In this context, age discrimination legislation has significant potential to address institutional barriers facing younger workers. By prohibiting direct and indirect discrimination in employment on the basis of age, the Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006, SI 2006/1031, and now the Equality Act 2010, offer young workers at least the possibility of tackling discriminatory conduct and practices. However, the case of Lockwood v Department of Work and Pensions provides a telling critique of how well young people might be able to challenge age discrimination in employment and assert their employment rights

A Case of Primary Duodenal Liposarcoma.

Soft tissue sarcomas are common neoplasms accounting for 1% of all adult malignancies; however, soft tissue sarcomas infrequently arise from the abdominal viscera. Many case reports discuss gastric and esophageal neoplasms. In the group of gastrointestinal liposarcomas, primary duodenal liposarcomas are among the rarest, with only three previous cases reported in the literature. Herein, we discuss a case of primary duodenal liposarcoma. A 59-year-old woman presented with symptoms consistent with anemia raising suspicion for an upper gastrointestinal bleed. Upper endoscopy revealed an ulcerated mass in the first portion of the duodenum. The patient underwent a segmental duodenal resection and distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. A diagnosis of dedifferentiated liposarcoma was rendered on the resected specimen. At 16 months\u27 follow-up, the patient remains without evidence of disease recurrence. We have presented a case of primary duodenal liposarcoma, which is among the rarest locations for gastrointestinal sarcomas with only three previous reports in the literature. Liposarcomas should be included in the differential for submucosal masses of the duodenum

Effect of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on Wound Complications Post-Pancreatectomy

Surgical site infection (SSI) and incisional hernia are common complications after major pancreatectomy. We investigated the effects of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on short- and long-term wound outcomes in patients undergoing pancreatectomy. A randomized controlled trial comparing the effect of NPWT with standard surgical dressing (SSD) on wounds was performed in 265 patients undergoing open gastrointestinal resections from 2012 to 2016. We performed a subset analysis of 73 patients who underwent pancreatectomy. Wound complications in the first 30 days and incisional hernia rates were assessed. There were 33 (45%) female patients in the study and the average BMI was 27.6. The pancreaticoduodectomy rate was 68 per cent, whereas 27 per cent of patients underwent distal or subtotal pancreatectomy, and 4 per cent total pancreatectomy. Incisional hernia rates were 32 per cent and 14 per cent between the SSD and NPWT groups, respectively

Impedance-Based Water-Quality Monitoring Using the Parallel-Plate Method

The application of electromagnetic (EM) waves to measure the electrical properties (dielectric constant and loss tangent) of materials is a well-known approach. The electrical properties can be used to indirectly measure several physical properties of solutions in water such as the concentration and chemical composition of contaminants in water, as a representative of the liquid phase in soil. A capacitive method of measuring dielectric properties of solutions is proposed to detect and determine low-concentration chemical and biological contaminations in water. The primary objective of this project is to design a low-cost sensor that would require small volumes of samples to detect low concentrations of dissolved contaminants in water. A forward model was developed using a finite-element method (FEM) to simulate the experimental setup (EXP). A calibration function was also developed to minimize deviations between FEM and EXP results for benchmark/reference solutions with known dielectric properties. The validated, calibrated forward model was then inverted to calculate the electrical properties of unknown solutions using the corresponding EXP results

Case report: response to the ERK1/2 inhibitor ulixertinib in BRAF D594G cutaneous melanoma.

Melanoma is characterized by oncogenic mutations in pathways regulating cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism. Greater than 80% of primary melanoma cases harbor aberrant activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) pathway, with oncogenic mutations in BRAF, most notably BRAF V600E, being the most common. Significant progress has been made in BRAF-mutant melanoma using BRAF and MEK inhibitors; however, non-V600 BRAF mutations remain a challenge with limited treatment options. We report the case of an individual diagnosed with stage III BRAF D594G-mutant melanoma who experienced an extraordinary response to the ERK1/2 inhibitor ulixertinib as fourth-line therapy. Ulixertinib was obtained via an intermediate expanded access protocol with unique flexibility to permit both single-agent and combination treatments, dose adjustments, breaks in treatment to undergo surgery, and long-term preventive treatment following surgical resection offering this patient the potential for curative treatment

Significance of signet ring cells in high-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma of the peritoneum from appendiceal origin

Significance of signet ring cells in mucinous adenocarcinoma of the peritoneum from appendiceal origin has never been specifically studied. We retrospectively reviewed cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the peritoneum from appendiceal origin (n = 55) and collected clinical follow-up data. Signet ring cells were identified in 29 of 55 cases. No low-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma case (n = 11) had signet ring cells, whereas 29 of 44 high-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma cases did. Cases of high-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma were subdivided into 3 groups: (1) high-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma without signet ring cells (n = 15), (2) high-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells only within mucin pools (n = 20), and (3) high-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells invading tissue (n = 9). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival were subsequently evaluated. Five-year OS for cases of high-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma without signet ring cells and high-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells within mucin pools were similar at 31.8% (SE, 14.4%) and 35.8% (SE, 13.9%), respectively. A significant survival difference was seen for cases of high-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells invading tissue with a median OS of 0.5 years versus 2.9 and 2.4 years (P = .04 and P = .03), respectively, for cases of high-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma without signet ring cells and high-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells within mucin pools. Finding signet ring cells floating in extracellular mucin pools made no prognostic difference when compared with cases of high-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma without signet ring cells. In contrast, high-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells invading tissue was significant for worse survival, and thus, we propose reporting signet ring cell tissue invasion particularly when extensive

Perioperative Systemic Chemotherapy for Appendiceal Mucinous Carcinoma Peritonei Treated with Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy

The role of systemic chemotherapy (SC) in conjunction with cytoreductive surgery (CS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in appendiceal mucinous carcinoma peritonei (MCP) is unknown