O. P. G. Blacke, acting commissioner of the department of the interior requesting information about those present May 5th 1864, at the battle of the wilderness

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O. P. S. Blacke, acting commissionor of the Department of the Interior, requesting rolls from 1878 be sent back to him

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Individualizing therapy – in search of approaches to maximize the benefit of drug treatment (II)

Adjusting drug therapy to the individual, a common approach in clinical practice, has evolved from 1) dose adjustments based on clinical effects to 2) dose adjustments made in response to drug levels and, more recently, to 3) dose adjustments based on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing of drug-metabolizing enzyme genes, suggesting a slow drug metabolism phenotype. This development dates back to the middle of the 20(th )century, when several different drugs were administered on the basis of individual plasma concentration measurements. Genetic control of drug metabolism was well established by the 1960s, and pharmakokinetic-based individualized therapy was in use by 1973

Molecular fluorescence above metallic gratings

P. Andrew and William L. Barnes, Physical Review B, Vol. 64, article 125405 (2001). "Copyright © 2001 by the American Physical Society."We present measurements of the fluorescence of emitters located in close proximity (d<λ) to metallic grating surfaces. By measuring both the spontaneous emission lifetime and angle-dependent radiation pattern of a monolayer of dye molecules as a function of their separation from planar and periodically corrugated mirrors of increasing modulation depth, we are able to examine the effect of varying the surface profile on the emission process. Both the distance dependence of the lifetime and the spatial distribution of the emitted light are significantly changed upon the introduction of a corrugation, quite apart from the appearance of the familiar Bragg-scattered bound-mode features. It is postulated that these perturbations arise from the interference of the grating scattered dipole fields with the usual upward propagating and reflected fields. In addition, the measurement of nonexponential decay transients for the deepest gratings examined provide evidence for the existence of optically dissimilar dipole positions above the grating surface

Evaluation of CVD tungsten metallization for integrated circuit application

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Molecular fluorescence at a rough surface: the orientation effects

The problem of the dynamical interaction between an emitting dipole and a metallic grating surface is considered with particular interest in the effects due to different orientations of the dipole with respect to the substrate surface. Our previous perturbative theory is extended to treat both parallel and perpendicular dipoles and the results are applied to the study of modified fluorescence characteristics for admolecules in the vicinity of a rough metal surface modeled as a grating. Numerical results show that some of the characteristics are very sensitive to the molecular orientation and the one along the grating direction is manifested with some unique behavior. The possibility of lengthening molecular lifetimes at a patterned surface is indicated via the manipulation of the surface roughness as well as the orientations of the molecules. In addition, the limitation of the usual step in averaging the theoretical results in the comparison with experimental measured values is pointed out

Molecular Fluorescence at a Rough Surface: The Orientation Effects

The interaction between an emitting molecular dipole and a conducting substrate with a periodic surface roughness is looked at with particular interest in the different orientations of the dipole with respect to the substrate surface. A previous dynamical, perturbative theory for the effects of perpendicular dipole is extended to treat a dipole oriented parallel to the surface of the substrate. The results are then applied to study the modified fluorescence characteristics of the emitting dipoles. Numerical results demonstrate that some fluorescence characteristics are extremely sensitive to the molecular orientation with the dipole oriented along the grating (x direction) exhibiting unique behavior. One possible consequence of the interaction is the lengthening of molecular fluorescence lifetimes by manipulating the parameters of the system. Also, the usual step for averaging the orientations for experimental values is scrutinized

What a saint am I! : The self-canonization of Madame Jeanne-Marie Guyon in the Quietist controversy of seventeenth-century France

At the center of the heated Quietist Controversy in late seventeenthcentury France was Jeanne-Marie Guyon, whose writings and teachings on inner prayer were similar to those of recognized Catholic mystics. Unlike celebrated mystics, however, Mme Guyon expounded a doctrine which seemed to concentrate not only on holy indifference, but on herself as the sole mechanism by which others could attain union with God. A careful reading of the writings of Mme Guyon reveals a woman obsessed with herself --her salvation, her martyrdom, her popularity, and her superiority. Such a description corresponds perfectly with the suggestions of her foremost persecutor, the bishop of Meaux, Jacques-Benigne Bossuet, that she saw herself as a living saint, above and beyond the mystics of the past, more powerful than the priests of the present, and positively ensured that she was the true bride of Christ who would rule beside him in the future. In order to make sense of Mme Guyon\u27s interpretation of herself, this thesis seeks to unite various aspects of her writings and personality, including the imagery of the Book of Revelation, sainthood, mysticism, sensuality in reference to Jesus, and persecution. Ultimately I suggest that her writings sought to prove her own assertion that she was the woman of the apocalypse, the highest level of saint in the Glorious Orders. Mme Guyon\u27s autobiography appears to be a consciously constructed hagiography to serve in fortifying this image of herself. This self-canonization, compounded by the awkward imitation of accepted mystical doctrine, was central to Mme Guyon\u27s condemnation in the French Quietist debates of the late seventeenth century