Proizvodni kapaciteti porodičnih poljoprivrednih gazdinstava Srbije i zemalja EU

The analysis of the production capacities of family farms holds an important place in an effort to perceive the economic and social factors which are important for their development. The agriculture of the Republic of Serbia and the agricultures of the countries in the region have a similar trait consisted in the participation of a large number of small estate farms. The ownership structure of family farms is one of the key factors of agricultural business efficiency. In the conditions of small-estate ownership structure, small farm area is a limiting factor in the application of contemporary agrotechnical measures. Apart from crop production, livestock fund has also had negative results per hectare of used area in the process of transition in the Republic of Serbia. It is reflected on the low level of agricultural productivity, as well as on the negative financial results of the farms. The paper provides a comparison between the family farms production capacities and the EU-28 countries, in order to be able to take necessary and timely measures and to reform and structurally adjust the agrarian sector to the demands of the EU.U sagledavanju ekonomskih i socijalnih faktora bitnih za razvoj porodičnih gazdinstava od posebnog značaja je analiza njihovih proizvodnih kapaciteta. Poljoprivreda Republike Srbije i poljoprivreda zemalja u okruženju imaju zajedničko svojstvo koje se ogleda u učešću velikog broja gazdinstava sa malim posedom. Posedovna struktura gazdinstava je jedan od ključnih faktora efikasnosti poslovanja poljoprivrede. U uslovima sitnosopstveničke strukture, mala veličina poseda je ograničavajući faktor u primeni savremenih agrotehničkih mera. Pored biljne proizvodnje u procesu tranzicije Republike Srbije, i stočni fond beleži negativne rezultate po hektaru korišćene površine. To se odražava na nizak nivo produktivnosti poljoprivredne proizvodnje, kao i negativno na finansijski rezultat gazdinstva. U radu je upoređivan proizvodni kapacitet porodičnih gazdinstava sa zemljama EU-28 kako bi se na vreme preuzele neophodne mere i sektor agrara reformisao i strukturno prilagodio zahtevima EU

Faktorska analiza uslova i rezultata proizvodnje na mešovitim porodičnim gazdinstvima

The research focused on the conditions and results of production on mixed family farms is expected to include numerous indices. A complex correlation structure of a number of variables unable the determination of priority indices effecting the business of the farms analyzed. Using the method of factorial analysis the space of initial variables may be copied onto the space of latent factors of smaller dimensions which enable the segregation of some major initial indices and the interpretation of their significance. Factorization of the production conditions was ended with the help of the ninth factor including thereby 80.1% of the total variation of the indices analyzed. The production results using ten factors explained 83.89% of the total variation.Ispitivanje uslova i rezultata proizvodnje na mešovitim porodičnim gazdinstvima podrazumeva uključivanje velikog broja pokazatelja. Složena korelaciona struktura velikog broja promenljivih onemogućava ustanovljavanje prioritetnog značaja pojedinih pokazatelja na poslovanje posmatranih gazdinstava. Metodom faktorske analize prostor polaznih promenljivih se preslikava u prostor skrivenih (latentnih) faktora manje dimenzije koji omogućava izdvajanje najvažnijih polaznih pokazatelja i interpretaciju njihovog značaja

Organska proizvodnja - šansa za razvoj MSP u agrobiznisu

Agricultural production is very diverse and gives the great opportunities for various activities of small and medium enterprises. There is a great competition for placement of agricultural and food products, on both, domestic and international food markets. In a situation where there is a hyper production of agricultural products in the European market, the export of agricultural and food products is possible only if it offers organic products, for which there is a great demand. Organic production in Serbia is more popular and economically more important. Thanks to potentials that are reflected primarily in the fragmented property and land that is not contaminated with harmful substances, this type of agriculture can contribute significantly to development of rural areas and agriculture in general. Therefore, organic farming is set as one of the priorities for development of agriculture, and an integral part of the strategy for rural and agricultural development in the Republic of Serbia. Development level of organic production in Serbia is low, and the reasons are: a low level of environmental awareness, lack of state support to the agricultural sector, decline in living standards of the population, and therefore the reduced purchasing power. Organic products are becoming increasingly important goods in world terms, and there is a growing participation of these products in global trade flows. It is evident that the presence of organic food in the growing number of consumers around the world is not just a fashion fad, but the constant striving to consume better quality products, and thus contribute to the preservation of the environment and our health. These products represent a great opportunity for the promotion of small and medium enterprises in domestic and especially in foreign markets.Poljoprivredna proizvodnja je veoma raznovrsna i daje velike mogućnosti za različite delatnosti kojima bi mala i srednja preduzeća (MSP) mogla da se bave. Na tržištu hrane, kako domaćem tako i međunarodnom, prisutna je velika konkurencija u plasmanu poljoprivrednih i prehrambenih proizvoda. U situaciji kada je na evropskom tržištu došlo do hiperprodukcije agroindustrijskih proizvoda izvoz poljoprivredno-prehrambenih proizvoda je moguć ako se takvom tržištu ponude proizvodi organskog porekla za kojima postoji velika tražnja. Organska proizvodnja u Srbiji je sve popularnija i ekonomski značajnija, a zahvaljujući potencijalima koji se pre svega ogledaju u usitnjenom posedu i zemljištu koje nije kontaminirano štetnim materijama, ovaj vid poljoprivredne proizvodnje može značajno doprineti razvoju ruralnih područja, te i agrara uopšte. Zbog toga je organska poljoprivredna proizvodnja postavljena kao jedan od prioriteta razvoja poljoprivrede i čini integralni deo strategije ruralnog i poljoprivrednog razvoja Republike Srbije. Nivo razvijenosti organske proizvodnje u Srbiji je nizak, a razloge za takvo stanje treba tražiti pre svega u veoma niskom nivou ekološke svesti potrošača, kao i zbog nedovoljne podrške države ovom sektoru poljoprivrede, ali i u padu životnog standarda stanovništva, te smanjenju kupovne moći. Organski proizvodi postaju sve značajnija roba u svetskim razmerama i sve je veće učešće ovih proizvoda u svetskim trgovinskim tokovima. Očigledno je da prisustvo organske hrane na trpezi sve većeg broja potrošača širom sveta nije modni hir, nego stalna težnja da se hranimo kvalitetnijim proizvodima i tako doprinesemo očuvanju našeg zdravlju i životne sredine. Takvi proizvodi predstavljaju veliku mogućnost za afirmaciju malih i srednjih preduzeća na domaćem, a posebno na stranom tržištu

DEA pristup rangiranju opština prema efikasnosti MSP u agrobiznisu Srbije

The most important aspect of any business is efficiency. The goal is to achieve a greater output results using less inputs, i.e. to maximize the use of available inputs. Numerous mathematical and statistical procedures, such as DEA technique (Data Envelopment Analysis), take an important place in the process of the effective management of the company and its business activities. This paper illustrated the application of DEA technique in assessing the business efficiency of SMEs in agribusiness in Vojvodina Measuring the efficiency of business operations of SMEs is based on the values of the following indicators: fixed assets, working capital, number of companies, number of employees, total income, profit and loss. The data used to calculate the values of indicators of business efficiency were obtained from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, based on the annual accounts of SMEs in agribusiness for four-year average (2008-2011). The aim of this paper is statistical assessment of business efficiency of SMEs in agribusiness using DEA technique, and then, based on the results obtained, to perform the ranking of Vojvodina municipalities in which observed SMEs were located, and finally, based on 4 models, to show sensitivity of DEA technique compared to different combination of input / output indicators, so therefore, caution is needed when this method is used. If the combination of parameters in the model is better, the results are more realistic, since if a key parameter is omitted, wrong decisions could be made.Najvažniji aspekt svakog poslovanja jeste efikasnost. Cilj je da se uz što manje ulaze postignu što veći izlazni rezultati, tj. raspoloživi ulazi maksimalno iskoriste. Brojne matematičko-statističke procedure, poput tehnike DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) analize, zauzimaju značajno mesto u procesu merenja efikasnog upravljanja preduzećima i njegovim aktivnostima. U radu je ilustrovana primena DEA tehnike u oceni efikasnosti poslovanja MSP u agrobiznisu u Vojvodine. Merenje efikasnosti poslovanja malih i srednjih preduzeća se zasniva na vrednostima sledećih pokazatelja: stal na imovina, obrtna sredstva, broj firmi, broj zaposlenih, ukupan prihod, dobit i gubitak. Podaci koji se koriste za izračunavanje vrednosti pokazatelja efikasnosti poslovanja dobijeni su iz Zavoda za Statistiku, a na osnovu završnih računa MSP u agrobiznisu za četvrogodišnji prosek (2008-2011 god.). Cilj istraživanja ovog rada je, najpre statističko ocenjivanje efikasnosti poslovanja MSP u agrobiznisu primenom DEA tehnike, a zatim da se na osnovu dobijenih rezultata izvrši rangiranje opština Vojvodine kojima pripadaju posmatrana MSP i najzad da se na osnovu 4 modela pokaže koliko je DEA tehnika osetljiva metodologija na promenu kombinacija ulazno/izlaznih indikatora, zbog čega se mora biti vrlo obazriv u primeni iste. Što je kombinacija parametara u modelu bolja to su i rezultati realniji, jer ako se izostavi neki ključan parametar mogu se doneti pogrešne odluke

Regionalni aspekt razvoja MSP agrobiznisa u Srbiji - šansa za smanjenje nezaposlenosti

Changes of the political and economic concept initiated during the 1980s and still ongoing have significantly altered the strategy of agribusiness development. The direction has switched from the development of the agro-industrial complex that is focused on socialization of agriculture and creation of large corporate business systems towards a completely opposite concept, which implies privatization and development of small and medium enterprises. Current state of small and medium size agricultural entrepreneurship in Serbia is far below its potential and below satisfactory. Underused economic potential of agriculture is a great opportunity for the development of both SMEs and the agribusiness. The ranking of districts based on the prominence level of examined parameters will enable a formation of related groups and a determination of similarities or differences in the observed regions. In this study, we used cluster analysis to determine how the districts in Serbia are grouped according to development level of small and medium agribusiness enterprises in order to obtain insight into the current state of regional development of this sector, as well as into the possibility for developing the least developed regions in Serbia. Cluster analysis yielded five homogeneous groups, whereby each cluster has its own special characteristics in terms of prominence of certain observed indicators.Promene političkog i ekonomskog koncepta koje su započete osamdesetih godina prošlog veka i traju do današnjeg dana bitno su promenile strategiju razvoja agrobiznisa. Sa koncepta razvoja agroindustrijskog kompleksa usmerenog ka podruštvljavanju poljoprivrede i stvaranju korporativnih velikih poslovnih sistema, prešlo se na sasvim suprotni koncept, odnosno privatizaciju i razvoj malih i srednjih preduzeća. Nivo razvijenosti malog i srednjeg preduzetništva u poljoprivredi Republike Srbije je daleko ispod mogućeg i zadovoljavajućeg. Veliku šansu za mala i srednja preduzeća, a samim tim i za razvoj agrobiznisa, predstavlja nedovoljno iskorišćeni ekonomski potencijal koji poseduje poljoprivreda. Rangiranje okruga prema stepenu ispoljenosti ispitivanih pokazatelja omogućiće formiranje srodnih grupa, te definisanje sličnosti ili razlike posmatranih regiona. Klaster analiza je metod koji će utvrditi kako se grupišu okruzi u Republici Srbiji prema nivou razvijenosti malih i srednjih preduzeća iz oblasti agrobiznisa i tako dobiti uvid u trenutno stanje regionalne razvijenosti ovog sektora, te mogućnosti razvoja najnerazvijenijih područja u Srbiji. Analizom grupisanja izdvojeno je pet homogenih grupa okruga, pri čemu svaki klaster ima specifičnosti u pogledu izraženosti pojedinih od posmatranih indikatora

Primena I - odstojanja i koeficijenta separabilnosti u oceni poslovanja MSP u agrobiznisu

Systematic and continuous process of measuring and comparing business results of companies regarding to business results of leaders, in order to obtain information that will help the company to take action to improve its performance, is in a function of improving business operations. Accordingly, the first objective of this paper is, based on the coefficient of separability, to determine which indicators of business conditions and business results have the greatest impact on differences in the business operations of the observed SMEs operating in the food industry. The second objective of this work is to make the ranking of companies based on the business conditions and business results using discriminant analysis (I-distance), and then, to determine the overall rank of companies using general ranking coefficient (Ker). The results show that companies are significantly separated according to business results rather than to business conditions, and in addition, the business results also had a crucial impact on the overall rank of each company.Sistematski i kontinuirani proces merenja i upoređivanja poslovnih rezultata preduzeća u odnosu na poslovne rezultate lidera radi dobijanja informacija koje će pomoći preduzeću da preduzme akcije za poboljšanje svojih performansi je u funkciji unapređenja poslovanja. S tim u vezi je postavljen i prvi cilj rada, a to je da se primenom koeficijenta separabilnosti utvrdi koji pokazatelji uslova i rezultata poslovanja najviše utiču na razlike u poslovanju posmatranih MSP iz prehrambene industrije. Drugi cilj rada je da se primenom diskriminacione analize (I-odstojanja) izvrši rangiranje preduzeća na osnovu uslova kao i rezultata poslovanja, a zatim da se pomoću opšteg koeficijenta ranga (Ker) odredi opšti rang preduzeća. Rezultati analize pokazuju da se preduzeća značajnije razdvajaju prema rezultatima nego prema uslovima poslovanja, a rezultati poslovanja su takođe presudno uticali na opšti rang svakog preduzeća

Sagledavanje regionalnih sličnosti okruga Srbije primenom odgovarajućih statističkih metoda

The territory of the Republic of Serbia is highly heterogeneous due to large differences in climatic, geo-morphological and socio-economic factors. In Serbia, there are big regional differences, and addressing the problem of balanced regional development and its financing is the question that will be actualized with the opening of negotiations for accession to the European Union. The objective of this paper is to present the methodology for the classification of administration districts of the Republic of Serbia based on their selected characteristics in order to perceive the similarities between regions in a way to provide the basis for the regional development policy. The classification of 25 Serbian districts was performed using the factor and cluster analysis, based on the eighteen selected socioeconomic, demographic and agricultural indicators. The factor analysis resulted in the extraction of factors which represent the main dimensions of the achieved development. The cluster analysis was performed based on these dimensions. The resulting clusters are homogenous and consist of districts with similar characteristics. The paper demonstrates that applying of appropriate statistical methods can provide an analytical tool for the separation of districts into groups with similar characteristics, which represent more appropriate framework for the creation and implementation of the regional development policy measures.Područje Republike Srbije je izuzetno heterogeno, kako zbog vrlo različitih klimatskih i geo-morfoloških tako i ekonomsko-socijalnih faktora. U Srbiji su prisutne velike regionalne razlike, a rešavanje problema ravnomernog regionalnog razvoja i njegovog finansiranja su pitanja koja će biti aktuelizovana sa otpočinjanjem pregovora za pridruživanje Evropskoj uniji. Cilj rada je da prikaže metodologiju klasifikacije upravnih okruga Repu­blike Srbije na osnovu odabranih obeležja, kako bi se sagledala regionalna sličnost i dala osnova politici regionalnog razvoja. Klasifikacija 25 okruga Republike Srbije je izvršena primenom faktorske i klaster metode, a zasniva se na osamnaest odabranih društvenih, demografskih i poljoprivrednih pokazatelja. Korišćenjem faktorske analize dobijaju se faktori koji predstavljaju glavne dimenzije razvoja promatranogprostora. Klaster analizom se, na osnovu zastupljenosti svake od dobijenih dimenzija u svakom okrugu, isti svrstavaju u grupe (klastere). Tako dobijeni klasteri su homogeni i sastavljeni su od okruga sličnih karakteristika. Rad pokazuje da se korišćenjem odgovarajućih statističkih metoda mogu analitički izdvojiti grupe okruga sličnih obeležja, koje predstavljaju prikladniji objekt za primenu mera regionalne politike

Proizvodnja osnovnih ratarskih kultura u AP Vojvodini - tendencije i rangiranje opština

In this paper, the development level of field crop production in municipalities of AP Vojvodina was observed, in the period from 1989 to 2008, through indicators of presence of harvested areas, total production and production per ha of main field crop cultures: wheat, corn, sugar beat, sun flower, clover and alfalfa. The tendency of change of observed traits of main field crop cultures was monitored. Ranking of the municipalities of AP Vojvodina is not uniform based on presence of observed field crop cultures. Therefore, Spearman correlation coefficient indicates medium, but statistically very significant level of compliance of formed rankings based on individual field crop cultures. Statistical significance was not demonstrated only in the case of presence of surfaces under sugar beat, clover and alfalfa, as well as sunflower and clover. Based on the test of the independence of the rankings, on the territory of the municipalities of AP Vojvodina, it was recorded that investigated field crop productions were mutually independent. Considering that the level of development of the municipalities of AP Vojvodina was analyzed through several indicators of field crop production for determination of the synthetic ranking which would show which of the municipalities is most developed in regard to observed field crop productions, Idistance was used in the paper.U radu se posmatra nivo razvijenosti ratarske proizvodnje u opštinama AP Vojvodine, u periodu od 1989. do 2008. godine, preko indikatora zastupljenosti požnjevenih površina, ukupne proizvodnje i prinosa po hektaru osnovnih ratarskih kultura: pšenice, kukuruza, šećerne repe, suncokreta, deteline i lucerke. Posmatra se tendencija promene posmatranih obeležja osnovnih ratarskih kultura. Redosled opština AP Vojvodine nije jedinstven na osnovu zastupljenosti posmatranih ratarskih kultura. Stoga Spearmen-ov koeficijent korelacije ukazuje na srednji, ali statistički veoma značajan stepen slaganja formiranih rang lista na osnovu pojedinačnih ratarskih kultura. Statistička značajnost nije ispoljena jedino između zastupljenosti površina pod šećernom repom, deteline i lucerke, kao i suncokreta i deteline. Na osnovu testa nezavisnosti rangova, na teritoriji opština AP Vojvodine, zabeleženo je da su ispitivane proizvodnje ratarskih kultura međusobno nezavisne. Za određivanje sintetičkog ranga koji bi pokazao koja opština ima najbolju razvijenost svih posmatranih ratarskih kultura u radu je korišćena I-distanca

Parametri rodnosti sorti šećerne repe u uslovima suvog ratarenja

Trail with sugar beet was set up during three years. Yield parameters were analyzed on five different origins of sugar beet varieties. Variety had a statistically significant affect on the yield sugar beet. The average yield for all tested varieties was 54.25 t ha-1. The highest average yield was achieved by varieties Chiara, 72.58 t ha-1, and Otis, 64.55 t ha-1 the variety Severina the lowest, 36.76 t ha-1. The variety Severina had the highest average crystal sugar content, 16.65%. Crystalline sugar yield, as the most important indicator of sugar beet yield, statistically significantly depended on the variety. Quality, namely technological root value largely depends of variety. Coarseness of the root was in inverse proportion to the content of sugar.Ogledi sa šećernom repom izvođeni su tokom tri godine. Analizirani su parametri rodnosti pet sorti šećerne repe različitog porekla. Sorta je imala statistički značajan uticaj na prinosa korena šećerne repe. Prosečan prinos korena za sve testirane sorte iznosio je 54,25 t ha-1. Najviši prinos imale su sorte Chiara, 72,58 tha-1 i Otis, 64,55 t ha- 1, a sorta Severina najniži, 36,76 tha-1. Sorta Severina imala je najveći sadržaj kristalnog šećera, 16,65%. Prinos kristalnog šećera, kao najvažniji pokazatelj rodnosti šećerne repe, statistički je značajno zavisio od sorte. Tehnološka vrednost korena u velikoj meri zavisila je od sorte. Krupnoća korena bila je u obrnutoj proporciji sa sadržajem kristalnog šećera

Uloga pušenja i uzimanja alkoholnih pića u razvoju i ponavljanju plućne tuberkuloze

During a two-year period (2001-2003), 464 patients were treated for tuberculosis at Jordanovac Department for Lung Diseases in Croatia. Besides pulmonary tuberculosis in 97.7% of patients, patients were also treated for tuberculous pleurisy (0.9%), tuberculous laryngitis (0.6%), tuberculous meningitis (0.2%), tuberculous pericarditis (0.2%) and urogenital tuberculosis (0.4%). Out of the total number of patients, 57.3% declared themselves to be active smokers (men were predominant and made up to 80.8%) and 20.9% to be active alcohol consumers. Both risk factors, i.e. smoking and alcohol consumption, were present in 15.1% of all patients. The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (30.4%), cardiac diseases (11.2%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (8.0%). Lung carcinoma was the most common malignant disease (n=51), with Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in 33% of them. Seventy-two of 464 (15.5%) patients had recurrences of tuberculosis. Of these, 30.5% had one of the risk factors (20.8% were smokers and 9.7% consumed alcohol), while 32.5% of patients had both risk factors. In conclusion, cigarette smoking was proved to be the most significant risk factor for development of pulmonary tuberculosis and its recurrence.Tijekom dvije godine (2001.-2003.) u Klinici za plućne bolesti “Jordanovac”, Zagreb, Hrvatska, od tuberkuloze je liječeno 464 bolesnika. Osim najčešće plućne tuberkuloze u 97,7% bolesnika, oboljeli su liječeni i od eksudativnog tuberkuloznog pleuritisa (0,9%), laringealne tuberkuloze (0,6%), tuberkuloznog meningitisa (0,2%), perikardijalne tuberkuloze (0,2%) te tuberkuloze koja je zahvatila urogenitalni sustav (0,4%). Od ukupnog broja bolesnika 57,3% ih se izjasnilo kao aktivni pušači (muškarci 80,8%), dok je 20,9% deklarirano kao aktivni konzumenti alkohola. Ukupno je 15,1% bolesnika imalo oba rizična čimbenika u anamnezi, tj. i aktivno pušenje cigareta i konzumaciju alkohola. Od komorbiditeta najčešća je bila šećerna bolest u 30,4% bolesnika, od srčanih bolesti bolovalo je 11,2% bolesnika, dok je kronična opstruktivna plućna bolest bila prisutna u 8% bolesnika. Karcinom pluća bio je najčešće zastupljen među malignim bolestima. Od ukupnog broja oboljelih od karcinoma pluća (51 bolesnik), Mycobacterium tuberculosis izolirali smo u 33% bolesnika. Recidivi tuberkuloze su zabilježeni u 72 (15,5%) bolesnika. Jedan rizični čimbenik imalo je 30,5% bolesnika: pušača je bilo 20,8%, dok je alkohol konzumiralo 9,7% bolesnika, a 32,5% bolesnika imali su oba rizična čimbenika. Zaključno, pušenje cigareta pokazalo se kao najznačajniji rizični čimbenik za razvoj plućne tuberkuloze, kao i za pojavu recidiva tuberkuloze