The articulation of voices in two film projects about violence – The Act of Killing and Gzim Rewind

This paper explores two experimental documentary films that present memories of acts of mass violence: The Act of Killing (Denmark, 2012, director Joshua Oppenheimer) about the Indonesian anti-Communist purge in the 1960s and Gzim Rewind (Sweden, 2011, director Knutte Wester) about the fate of a boy who fled from Kosovo in the 1990s. Using dialogic theory (Bakhtin, 1981; Phillips, 2011), we analyse the voices that are articulated about past violent events in the films. The focus is on how different voices interrelate in the filmic presentation of mass violence, including victims and killers. Primarily, the analysis focuses on The Act of Killing and its reception by an Indonesian audience. The discussion concerns how these kinds of film projects open up very different voices and how this diversity potentially contributes to new understandings of the past, thereby fuelling social and political change

Udstigere, akrobatik og træningsprogrammer: Om sproglig fremmedgørelse og erkendelsesmæssige gevinster

The article discusses selected topics from Peter Sloterdijk’s You Must Change Your Life (2013). The main focus of the article is on Sloterdijk’s emphasis on asceticism in the sense of ‘training’ or ‘practice’ and its vital part in the general history of culture and religion. In particular, the article focuses on the original, although alienating, vocabulary through which Sloterdijk presents his observations and the initially mystifying impact it has on the reader, but also on the possible cognitive gains inherent in the specific Sloterdijkian terminology: With his redefinitions (asceticism as practice) and recategorizations (religions and cultures as training programs and immune systems), Sloterdijk emphasizes essential aspects of the religious breakthroughs taking place in the Axial Age: First and foremost, the Axial religions are learning programs aimed at continuous improvement, but con-stantly faced with the challenge of maintaining their followers. Consequently, their primary focus is on the cognitive content and the cultivation of ‘the right disposition’ through practice.Artiklen diskuterer udvalgte temaer fra Peter Sloterdijks bog fra 2009, Du musst dein Leben ändern. Artiklens primære fokus er Sloterdijks insisteren på askese i betydningen ‘træning’ som et afgørende kultur- og religionshistorisk fænomen. Særligt fokuserer artiklen på det originale, om end fremmedgørende, sprogbrug, hvormed Sloterdijk præsenterer sine iagttagelser, og den indledningsvist mystificerende virkning, det har på læseren, men også på de mulige erkendelsesmæssige gevinster, der ligger i den særlige sloterdijske terminologi: Med sine omkodninger (askese som træning) og omkategoriseringer (religioner og kulturer som henholdsvis træningsprogrammer og immunsystemer) peger Sloterdijk på noget essentielt ved de religiøse nybrud, der finder sted i aksetiden: de aksiale religionsformer er først og fremmest læringsprogrammer, der sigter mod kontinuerlig forbedring, men hvis konstante udfordring det er at fastholde deres tilhængere. Følgelig ligger fokus primært på bevidsthedsindhold og kultiveringen af ‘det rette sindelag’ gennem træning

Koranen som træningsprogram: Et case study af sura 18

The article is a case study of a single narrative in the Qur’an’s sura 18. In this article, I explore and discuss the ethical dimensions of the Qur’anic world view. The article takes its point of departure in an outline of the pre-dominant eschatological strand in the Qur’an and different Qur’anic perceptions about reward and punishment. Then, I discuss the moral implications of the idea of divinely sanctioned deeds and actions as well as the existence of a Judgment Day. In light of this discussion, and based on an analysis of sura 18, I argue that Qur’anic piety can be seen as encompassing a particular ascetic ideal. Rather than dictating a radical secession from the world in terms of ascetic denial, the ascetic ideal authorizes participation in worldly life

Effects of smartphone diaries and personal dosimeters on behavior in a randomized study of methods to document sunlight exposure

AbstractDosimeters and diaries have previously been used to evaluate sun-related behavior and UV exposure in local samples. However, wearing a dosimeter or filling in a diary may cause a behavioral change. The aim of this study was to examine possible confounding factors for a questionnaire validation study. We examined the effects of wearing dosimeters and filling out diaries, measurement period and recall effect on the sun-related behavior in Denmark in 2012.Our sample included 240 participants eligible by smartphone status and who took a vacation during weeks 26–32 in 2012, randomized by gender, age, education and skin type to six groups: 1) Control+diary, 2) Control, 3) 1-week dosimetry measurement, 4) 1-week dosimetry measurement+diary, 5) 3-week dosimetry measurement and 6) 1-week dosimetry measurement with 4week delayed questionnaire.Correlation coefficients between reported outdoor time and registered outdoor time for groups 3–6 were 0.39, 0.45, 0.43 and 0.09, respectively. Group 6 was the only group not significantly correlated. Questionnaire reported outdoor exposure time was shorter in the dosimeter measurement groups (3–6) than in their respective controls.We showed that using a dosimeter or keeping a diary seems to increase attention towards the behavior examined and therefore may influence this behavior. Receiving the questionnaire with 4week delay had a significant negative influence on correlation and recall of sunburn. When planning future UV behavior questionnaire validations, we suggest to use a 1-week interval for dosimetry measurements, no diary, and to minimize the time from end of measurement to filling out questionnaires

Bleeding complications in patients with gastrointestinal cancer and atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulants

BACKGROUND: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may increase the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and GI cancer compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKA). METHODS: We conducted a Danish nationwide cohort study comparing the bleeding risk associated with DOAC versus VKA in patients with AF and GI cancer. We calculated crude bleeding rates per 100 person‐years (PYs) for GI and major bleeding. We then compared rates of bleeding at 1 year after initial oral anticoagulation filled prescription by treatment regimen using inverse probability of treatment weighting and Cox regression. RESULTS: The unweighted study population included 1476 AF patients with GI cancer (41.6% women, median age 78 years) initiating a DOAC and 652 initiating a VKA. One‐year risk of GI bleeding was 5.0% in the DOAC group and 4.7% in the VKA group with a corresponding weighted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63, 1.45). For patients with active cancer, weighted GI bleeding rates were slightly higher in both the VKA and DOAC group, and the weighted HR was 1.00 (95% CI: 0.53, 1.88). The HR was 1.12 (95% CI: 0.71, 1.76) for all bleedings. Hazard ratios for GI bleeding were 0.61 (95% CI: 0.25, 1.52) for patients with upper GI cancer, and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.58, 1.46) in patients with colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION: Evidence from this nationwide cohort study suggests a comparable 1‐year risk of bleeding associated with DOAC compared with VKA among patients with AF and GI cancer

Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Selected Subgroups of Men:A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study

Background  Although men are considered at high risk for recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), sex-specific data on prognostic factors are lacking. We estimated the cumulative recurrence risks associated with clinical characteristics and comorbidities known or suspected to be associated with the development of VTE recurrence: major surgery, trauma, history of cancer, rheumatic disorder, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, chronic renal disease, varicose veins, alcohol-related diseases, and arterial hypertension. Methods  We linked nationwide Danish health registries to identify all incident VTE in- and outpatients in men from 2008 through 2018. Recurrent VTE risk 2 years after anticoagulant discontinuation was calculated using the Aalen-Johansen estimator, stratified by age above/below 50 years. Results  The study included 13,932 men with VTE, of whom 21% ( n  = 2,898) were aged <50 years. For men aged <50 years with at least one of the clinical characteristics, 2-year recurrence risk ranged from 6% (major surgery) to 16% (history of cancer). For men ≥50 years with at least one of the characteristics, recurrence risk ranged from 7% (major surgery) to 12% (ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic renal disease). Men aged <50 and ≥50 years without the clinical characteristics all had a recurrence risk of 10%. Discussion  We demonstrated a 2-year recurrence risk of at least 6%, regardless of age category and disease status, in this nationwide cohort of men with VTE. The recurrence risk must be balanced against bleeding risk. However, the high recurrence risk across all subgroups might ultimately lead to greater emphasis on male sex in future guidelines focusing on optimized secondary VTE prevention