Pengene eller Livet? -en studie av betalingsvillighet for livreddende helseprosjekter?

Tittelen "Pengene eller Livet?" er en spissformulering som er ment å uttrykke avveiningen en samfunnsplanlegger må gjøre mellom å øke offentlige investeringer med den hensikt å redde liv eller bruke pengene i alternative anvendelser. Bjørnar Andreas Kvinge viser gjennom beregninger utført på et tallgrunnlag fra en undersøkelse hvordan befolkningens verdsetting av slike livreddende prosjekter kan estimeres. Rapporten tar for seg tre ulike teknikker for å avdekke betalingsvillighet, som hver for seg gir et selvstendig estimat, og sammen underbygger størrelsen på befolkningens verdsetting. Det blir undersøkt om verdsettingen varierer med ulike karakteristika ved prosjektene, og finner indikasjoner på at betalingsvilligheten avhenger av hvilken dødsårsak vi reduserer dødeligheten for. Et funn er at betalingsvilligheten for å redde liv fra å dø av miljørelaterte lidelser er høyere verdsatt enn liv reddet fra hjerte- og karlidelser.Helseutgifter; prioriteringer

Overview of Infrastructure Charging, part 4, IMPROVERAIL Project Deliverable 9, “Improved Data Background to Support Current and Future Infrastructure Charging Systems”

Improverail aims are to further support the establishment of railway infrastructure management in accordance with Directive 91/440, as well as the new railway infrastructure directives, by developing the necessary tools for modelling the management of railway infrastructure; by evaluating improved methods for capacity and resources management, which allow the improvement of the Life Cycle Costs (LCC) calculating methods, including elements related to vehicle - infrastructure interaction and external costs; and by improving data background in support of charging for use of railway infrastructure. To achieve these objectives, Improverail is organised along 8 workpackages, with specific objectives, responding to the requirements of the task 2.2.1/10 of the 2nd call made in the 5th RTD Framework Programme in December 1999.This part is the task 7.1 (Review of infrastructure charging systems) to the workpackage 7 (Analysis of the relation between infrastructure cost variation and diversity of infrastructure charging systems).Before explaining the economic characteristics of railway and his basic pricing principles, authors must specify the objectives of railways infrastructure charging.principle of pricing ; rail infrastructure charging ; public service obligation ; rail charging practice ; Europe ; Improverail

Overview of Infrastructure Charging, part 4, IMPROVERAIL Project Deliverable 9, “Improved Data Background to Support Current and Future Infrastructure Charging Systems”

IMPROVERAIL project Commissioned by the European Commission, DG TREN.IMPROVERAIL: Improved Tools for Railway Capacity and Access Management.WP7: Analysis of the relation between infrastructure cost variation and diversity of infrastructure charging systems.Task 7.1 : Review of infrastructure charging systems.pp. 26-53Chapitre de rapport de rechercheImproverail aims are to further support the establishment of railway infrastructure management in accordance with Directive 91/440, as well as the new railway infrastructure directives, by developing the necessary tools for modelling the management of railway infrastructure; by evaluating improved methods for capacity and resources management, which allow the improvement of the Life Cycle Costs (LCC) calculating methods, including elements related to vehicle - infrastructure interaction and external costs; and by improving data background in support of charging for use of railway infrastructure. To achieve these objectives, Improverail is organised along 8 workpackages, with specific objectives, responding to the requirements of the task 2.2.1/10 of the 2nd call made in the 5th RTD Framework Programme in December 1999.This part is the task 7.1 (Review of infrastructure charging systems) to the workpackage 7 (Analysis of the relation between infrastructure cost variation and diversity of infrastructure charging systems).Before explaining the economic characteristics of railway and his basic pricing principles, authors must specify the objectives of railways infrastructure charging