Observed vs. fitted range change values.

<p>Values for “uncorrected range change”, recording effort level 1. Fitted values are weighted means across the set of top GLM models with ΔAIC<4. The dashed unity line indicates equality of observed and fitted values. Species with the largest residuals have been labelled.</p

Grasshopper and related species range sizes in 1980–9 and 2000–9 and calculation of range change measures.

<p>The figure plots range sizes in 1980–9 vs. 2000–9 (as logit-transformed proportions of squares occupied) for four levels of recording effort. “Uncorrected range change” was defined as the absolute change in range size, i.e. residual distances from the (black) 1:1 unity lines. “Corrected range change” was defined as change in range size relative to the mean change across species, i.e. as the (standardised) residual distances from the linear regression lines (solid grey for all species, dashed grey for species excluding the two with particularly large range change values, <i>C</i>. <i>discolor</i> and <i>M</i>. <i>roeselii</i>).</p

Range changes of grasshoppers and related species in Britain between 1980–9 and 2000–9.

<p>The figure shows “uncorrected” and “corrected range change” values for four levels of recording effort—i.e. based on four sets of “surveyed squares” with a minimum of 1 to 4 grasshopper or related species recorded in both time periods. Species are arranged in order of average uncorrected change. Note different y-axis scales.</p

Location of four sets of “surveyed squares” with different levels of recording effort.

<p>10km grid squares on the British mainland and inner islands with respectively at least one, two, three or four grasshopper or related species recorded in both the periods 1980–9 and 2000–9. There was a total of 844 squares with at least one species recorded in both time periods (32% of the possible total of 2,662 squares), 598 squares (22%) with at least two species, 474 squares (18%) with at least three, and 375 squares (14%) with at least four.</p

The most important broad drivers of species’ population changes, 1970–2012.

<p>Positive (green) and negative (blue) impact for each broad driver of change accounting for two percent or more of the total in absolute terms, ordered by absolute impact. Results are presented using all strengths of evidence available and weighting species in the three major taxonomic groups equally (insects, plants and vertebrates).</p

Overview of the review process.

<p>The relevant sections of the manuscript and supplementary material to go to for further information are shown in the right-hand and left-hand columns respectively.</p

The most important broad drivers of species’ population changes, 1970–2012, by higher taxonomic group.

<p>Positive (light green) and negative (dark blue) impact for each broad driver of change accounting for two percent or more of the total in absolute terms, ordered by absolute impact; by higher taxonomic group. Impact is shown as a percentage of the impact on that group, i.e. absolute impact sums to 100 for each of the three groups. Results are presented using all strength of evidence available.</p

The most important broad drivers of species’ population changes, 1970–2012, showing constituent specific drivers.

<p>Positive (green) and negative (blue) impact for each broad driver of change accounting for three percent or more of the total in absolute terms, ordered by absolute impact. Specific drivers (narrow bars) are listed under their associated broad driver (broad bars, italicised text); the impact of specific drivers sum to the total for the broad driver in each case. Results are presented using all strengths of evidence available and weighting species in the three major taxonomic groups equally (insects, plants and vertebrates).</p